25 Questions
What is the primary cause of hematoma formation?
A break in the wall of a blood vessel
What is the term for bleeding that is confined within a tissue or cavity?
Hemorrhage
What is the result of a hematoma?
A localized collection of extravasated blood
What is the location of the blood in a hematoma?
Outside the blood vessel
What is the term for bleeding that is not confined within a tissue or cavity?
Hemorrhage
What does the presence of white blood cells in addition to red blood cells in urine indicate?
A signal of urinary tract infection
What is a possible cause of white blood cells being present in urine?
Urinary tract infection
What can be inferred if only red blood cells are found in urine?
The person has a normal urinary system
What would a doctor likely test for if they found white blood cells in a patient's urine?
Urinary tract infection
What is an abnormal finding in a urinalysis?
Both red and white blood cells
What is hemoptysis?
Blood in sputum combined with cough or expectoration of blood from the larynx, trachea, bronchi and the lungs
Which of the following is a possible cause of hemoptysis?
Bronchitis
What is a specific risk factor for developing lung neoplasm, which can cause hemoptysis?
Smoking
Which of the following is NOT a possible site of bleeding in hemoptysis?
Esophagus
What is a possible underlying disease that can cause hemoptysis?
TB
What is the primary concern with acute loss of large amounts of blood?
Shock
Which of the following is a major concern with chronic loss of smaller amounts of blood?
Iron deficiency
What is the difference between acute and chronic blood loss in terms of concerns?
Acute blood loss is a concern for shock, while chronic blood loss is a concern for iron deficiency
Why is iron deficiency a concern with chronic loss of smaller amounts of blood?
Because iron is essential for the production of hemoglobin
What is the relationship between the amount of blood lost and the concern for shock?
Larger amounts of blood lost lead to shock
What is the name of the blue-red color observed in affected tissues?
Cyanosis
What leads to the accumulation of deoxygenated hemoglobin in the affected tissues?
Worsening congestion
What is the primary cause of the blue-red color in affected tissues?
Accumulation of deoxygenated hemoglobin
What is the effect of worsening congestion on the accumulation of deoxygenated hemoglobin?
It increases the accumulation
What is the significance of cyanosis in affected tissues?
It is a sign of poor tissue oxygenation
Study Notes
Tissue Coloration
- Cyanosis: blue-red tissue color due to worsening congestion leading to accumulation of deoxygenated hemoglobin in affected tissues.
Hematoma
- Defined as a localized collection of extravasated blood trapped in an organ, space, or tissue.
- Results from a break in the wall of a blood vessel.
- Essentially a confined hemorrhage within tissue or cavity.
Hemoptysis
- Characterized by blood in sputum combined with cough or expectoration of blood from the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs.
- Causes include:
- TB
- Bronchitis
- Lung neoplasm (particularly in smokers)
Blood in Sputum
- If white blood cells are present in addition to red blood cells, it may indicate a urinary tract infection.
Blood Loss Concerns
- Acute loss of large amounts of blood: shock is the primary concern.
- Chronic loss of smaller amounts of blood: iron deficiency is the primary concern.
This quiz covers the relationship between cyanosis, congestion, and deoxygenated hemoglobin in affected tissues.
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