Curriculum Development & Problem-Based Learning
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Questions and Answers

Which organization published 'What Content-Area Teachers Should Know About Adolescent Literacy'?

  • International Literacy Association
  • National Institute for Literacy (correct)
  • U.S. Department of Education
  • National Education Association

Who edited 'Academic Administration: A Quest for Better Management and Leadership in Higher Education'?

  • Sheying Chen (correct)
  • Rune Krumsvik
  • Nathan L. Mertens
  • Francis Wardle

Which book discusses IT-Based Project Change Management System?

  • Faisal Manzoor Arain and Low Sui Pheng (correct)
  • Borislav Kuzmanović and Adelina Cuevas
  • Franklin G. Mixon, Jr.and Richard J.Cebula
  • Syh-Jong Jang

Who is the editor of 'Sexuality Education'?

<p>Kelly N. Stanton (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which title focuses on the topic of writing processes, tools, and techniques?

<p>Writing: Processes, Tools and Techniques (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following books discusses early childhood and elementary education?

<p>Approaches to Early Childhood and Elementary Education (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which book focuses on the topic of economic education?

<p>Expanding Teaching and Learning Horizons in Economic Education (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which book explores learning in the context of network society?

<p>Learning in the Network Society and the Digitized School (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is curriculum development primarily focused on?

<p>What is to be taught and when. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the Model of Formative Situation?

<p>Guiding teachers' decisions to achieve quality in teaching science and technology. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Curricula are often found in which official form?

<p>Curriculum guides for teachers. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what country did Mc Master University pioneer the first complete PBL curriculum?

<p>Canada (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which perspective does the Model of Formative Situation primarily embody?

<p>Constructivist (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When did Mc Master University pioneer the first complete PBL curriculum?

<p>1969 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the fundamental constructs of the Model of Formative Situation?

<p>Students' world, tasks, teacher mediation, and intended learning outcomes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Model for Effective Teaching of Intended Learning Outcomes in Science and Technology incorporates research from which period?

<p>The last four decades. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is PBL?

<p>Problem-Based Learning (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one purpose of The Model for Effective Teaching of Intended Learning Outcomes in Science and Technology?

<p>To guide teachers in making choices based on students’ characteristics and learning outcomes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of research revealed PBL as a successful attempt to transform effective learning theories into practical learning experience?

<p>Process-based research (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Model for Effective Teaching of Intended Learning Outcomes in Science and Technology help teachers identify?

<p>Directions for their professional development. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of intervention was the application of the PBL strategy in medical schools in the last century?

<p>A widely known major curricular intervention (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do provincial and territorial departments of education do with curricula?

<p>Make them mandatory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one focus of the reflection on PBL after 40 years of implementation?

<p>The role of accreditation programs in standardizing educational processes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one area of critique mentioned?

<p>Available educational research. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary aim of the presented study?

<p>To compare the effects of summarizing education, expository text education plus summarizing education, against no summarizing education. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group was given traditional education in the study?

<p>Control Group (Group C) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of education did Experiment Group 1 (Group E1) receive?

<p>Summarizing and text structure education. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the study's results, which group performed the best?

<p>The groups who received summarizing and text structure education. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of Chapter 10?

<p>A new narrative curriculum developed to enact a postmodern early years learning. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the curriculum described in Chapter 10?

<p>SAIL (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of the curriculum described in Chapter 11?

<p>STEM education with American Indian students. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who collaborated to design the curriculum discussed in Chapter 11?

<p>Educators, researchers, and engineers. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was done to address the space problem for small group sessions?

<p>Classrooms were divided by partitions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where were clinical teaching sites located to increase student awareness?

<p>MOH health care facilities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines admission to medical schools in Egypt?

<p>Secondary school scores and geographic distribution (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many students were in the first class of the medical school?

<p>40 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What approach has this medical school successfully implemented and seen others adopt?

<p>Problem-Based Learning (PBL) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which region did the medical program serve by visiting people in various community sites?

<p>Suez Canal region (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to some, what is a potential result of using PBL appropriately?

<p>Several advantages to medical teaching programs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What facilities were included in preparing the school building?

<p>Clinical skills laboratory and a big library (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is structural engineering primarily concerned with?

<p>The design and structure of buildings, bridges, and roads (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should a science curriculum emphasize, according to the text?

<p>Scientific habits of mind (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of learning strategies have been shown to be effective in traditional classrooms?

<p>Inquiry-based and active learning (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does SCALE stand for in the context of online science curriculum development?

<p>Self-directed, Community-based, Active-learning, Local Environment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a component of the SCALE framework?

<p>Community-based learning (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the theory of human constructivism stress?

<p>Meaning over memorization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of an autonomous informal activity that can be utilized in SCALE?

<p>History of science investigations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of research investigations indicate more successful learning within an online science SCALE curriculum?

<p>Mixed methodology (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Curriculum Development

Systematic planning of what is taught and learned in schools.

Curricula Embodiment

Official documents (typically curriculum guides) that are mandatory by departments of education.

Primary Focus of Curriculum

Focuses on what is taught and when, leaving the how to teachers.

Problem-Based Learning (PBL)

A controversial strategy applied in medical schools.

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First PBL Curriculum

McMaster University in Canada pioneered the 1st complete PBL curriculum.

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PBL Effectiveness Research

Still inconclusive, with good evidence.

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Process-Based Research on PBL

PBL transforms effective learning theories into practical experience.

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Process-based research

Deals with the theoretical advantage behind PBL

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Summarizing Education

Education that involves summarizing and text structure instruction.

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Expository Education

An approach to education using real-world problem-solving activities.

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Control Group

A group in a study that receives no special instruction or treatment.

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Experiment Group

A group in a study that receives the treatment being tested.

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Traditional Beliefs

The traditional beliefs about child development, learning and curriculum.

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SAIL

An early learning curriculum developed to enact postmodern learning in a Chinese context.

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STEM

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics.

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Civil Engineering Curriculum

A curriculum focused on civil engineering designed in collaboration with educators, researchers and engineers.

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PBL vs. Traditional Methods

Comparison research between PBL and traditional methods showing discrepancy in results.

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PBL's Effectiveness

Reviews find similarities, questioning PBL's impact on knowledge or clinical performance significantly.

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PBL Success/Failure Factors

Factors that influence the success or failure of Problem-Based Learning.

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PBL and Future Doctors

Exploration of how PBL can or cannot contribute to preparing future doctors.

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Learning Principles Behind PBL

Effective learning principles that underpin Problem-Based Learning.

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Accreditation in Medical Schools

Role of accreditation programs and standardizing the educational processes in medical schools.

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Model of Formative Situation

A framework for teachers‘ decisions to achieve quality in teaching science and technology, based on constructivism: students‘ world, tasks, teacher mediation and intended learning outcomes.

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Model for Effective Teaching

Articulates contributions of educational research incorporating diverse approaches and educational goals.

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Content-Area Literacy

Literacy skills necessary for understanding content in subjects like science or history.

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PCK (Pedagogical Content Knowledge)

Knowledge that teachers need to effectively represent and teach particular topics.

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Learning in the Network Society

Using technology and networks to facilitate learning and adapt to a digital environment.

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Family Literacy Interventions

Educational interventions aimed at improving the reading abilities of both parents and children.

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Approaches to Early Childhood Education

Differing strategies applied to instructing young children.

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Academic Administration

Effective oversight and direction within colleges and universities.

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Expanding Teaching & Learning Horizons

Ways to broaden the scope of instructional possibilities in economics.

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Writing Process

Includes pre writing, drafting, revising, editing and publishing.

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Structural Engineering

Civil engineering branch focused on the design of structures, bridges, and roads.

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Science Curriculum Emphasis

Curriculum emphasizing science's nature, fostering scientific habits of mind.

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Active Learning

Learning by doing and exploring, rather than just listening.

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SCALE

A method focusing on self-direction, community, activity, and local relevance in online science education.

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Autonomous Informal Activities

Activities teachers do independently, using their local environments.

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Online Community Discussions

Online discussions, creating a shared learning experience.

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Interdisciplinary Topic Portals

Topic portals integrating different science fields for deeper research.

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Human Constructivism

Educational approach prioritizing understanding and application over rote learning.

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Resource Optimization in Medical Education

Dividing classrooms with partitions and using healthcare facilities as clinical sites to maximize limited resources.

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Medical School Admission in Egypt

Students apply and rank their preferred schools; admission is based on secondary school scores and geographic distribution.

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PBL: Not A panacea

PBL offers benefits if implemented correctly but it's not a universal solution.

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Enhanced Awareness via Community Engagement

Increased realization of hazards and healthcare delivery systems via community sites.

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PBL Implementation:

Challenges faced in implementing a new curriculum, leading to 30 years success and the proliferation of similar PBL programs in other institutions.

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High Secondary School's Scores Criteria

These are scores needed for admission to medical school.

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Curriculum Managers should think about PBL

This is for curriculum managers to consider the PBL approach.

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Study Notes

  • Curriculum Development involves systematically planning what is taught and learned in schools, as reflected in courses of study and programs
  • Curricula are typically embodied in official documents like curriculum guides and mandated by education departments

Problem-Based Learning (PBL)

  • Problem-Based Learning (PBL) was a significant curricular intervention in medical schools
  • McMaster University in Canada pioneered the first complete PBL curriculum in 1969 as a response to traditional education problems
  • Many Western medical schools now include PBL aspects
  • Research on PBL's effectiveness has been a subject of interest and debate, with ongoing research on its effectiveness
  • Process-based research suggests PBL effectively transforms learning theories into practical experiences
  • Outcome-based research shows conflicting results, with some studies indicating PBL is superior in social and cognitive competencies, while others find similarities between PBL and conventional approaches
  • Some research doesn't provide convincing evidence that PBL improves knowledge or clinical performance significantly
  • PBL success/failure factors include effective learning principles and the role of accreditation programs in standardizing education
  • There is a need to critique available educational research and explore research needs

Model of Formative Situation

  • The Model of Formative Situation aids teachers' decisions for quality teaching and provides a theoretical basis for educational research
  • It embodies a constructivist view with key constructs, including students' world, tasks, teacher mediation, and learning outcomes
  • The Model for Effective Teaching of Intended Learning Outcomes in Science and Technology incorporates science and technology educational research done over the last four decades
  • The Model encapsulates diverse teaching approaches and educational goals, providing a reading grid for research papers
  • The aim of this study was to comparatively test the effect of summarizing education versus expository text (problem solving) education versus no summarizing education
  • Experiment groups who were given summarizing and text structure education were more successful than ones given only summarizing education

Postmodern Perspectives

  • Changing times and postmodern perspectives have altered traditional beliefs about child development, early childhood learning, and curriculum relationships
  • A new narrative curriculum, Story Approach to Integrated Learning (SAIL), was developed to enact postmodern early years learning in a Chinese context to address the problems and challenges with the existing early childhood curricula in Hong Kong

STEM Curriculum for American Indian Students

  • A civil engineering-focused curriculum was designed to promote STEM education with American Indian students in grades 5-8 through collaboration among educators, researchers, and engineers
  • The curriculum introduces American Indian youth to civil engineering career opportunities, concepts, and the role of civil engineers
  • The curriculum emphasizes structural engineering, with activities focused on bridges, integrating engineering, science, mathematics, and technology

Online Science Curriculum Development

  • A science curriculum should emphasize the nature of science and foster scientific habits of mind
  • Inquiry-based and active learning strategies in traditional classrooms can result in meaningful student learning, however the is less research on this subject in the online environment
  • Online science curriculum development can proceed successfully through incorporation of SCALE
  • SCALE:
    • Self-directed Activities
    • Community-based learning
    • Active-learning Strategies
    • Local Environment incorporation
  • SCALE allows for interdisciplinary and integrated science curriculum and is consistent with the theory of human constructivism
  • Mixed methodology research indicates more successful learning occurs within an online science SCALE curriculum

Curriculum Implementation Challenges

  • There were challenges with implementing the innovative curriculum at first
  • After preparing the school building with the required equipments the school opened with 40 students
  • Implementing the innovative curriculum was not easy, but the school has had 30 years of proven success
  • Many medical schools have followed suit in introducing some or the whole aspects of the PBL approach

Educational Benefits of PBL

  • Problem-Based Learning has brought many real benefits to health professions' education
  • If used appropriately, PBL could result in several advantages to medical teaching programs

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Curriculum Development involves planning what is taught in schools, as seen in courses and programs. Problem-Based Learning (PBL), pioneered at McMaster University in 1969, has been a significant curricular intervention in medical schools. Research continues on PBL's effectiveness.

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