Questions and Answers
What is the hidden curriculum known for teaching students?
Why is the hidden curriculum important in education?
How many approaches to curriculum are there according to experts?
What is curriculum approached as in the content approach?
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What is a syllabus typically used for?
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What is usually included in a primary school mathematics curriculum?
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What is the main difference between a curriculum and a syllabus?
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Why do teachers tend to follow the sequence prescribed in the syllabus?
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How do most people, including educators, typically define curriculum?
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What is the main problem highlighted with a single examination approach?
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According to Tanner's definition of curriculum, what is primarily aimed for through planned learning experiences?
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What is a key belief that teachers must hold for the process approach to succeed?
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Which of the following phases is NOT part of the curriculum development process?
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What aspect does Schubert highlight in his definition of curriculum?
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Why might the process approach curriculum be easier to implement without centralized examinations?
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What does Pratt describe as the main components of a written curriculum document?
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What does the curriculum development process typically assume?
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Goodlad and Su's definition suggests that a curriculum should aim to bring about which of the following?
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How are the phases of curriculum development typically described?
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What critical questions does Cronbleth pose to evaluate the worth of knowledge in curriculum?
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Which theorist is referred to as the Father of Curriculum?
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What distinguishes the curriculum as a product from the curriculum as a process?
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Which of the following is NOT a component commonly associated with curriculum, according to the definitions provided?
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What could be a disadvantage for students in a traditional examination system?
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What is the primary criticism of the 'Curriculum as Product' approach?
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What is a potential consequence of closely following a 'Curriculum as Product' approach?
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Which of the following is NOT a criticism of the 'Curriculum as Product' approach?
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What is a key concern about the 'Curriculum as Product' approach in relation to measurement?
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What is one disadvantage of the 'Curriculum as Product' approach?
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How does the 'Curriculum as Product' approach view the success of a curriculum?
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What does the text suggest about the impact of the 'Curriculum as Product' approach on the role of educators?
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What is a potential problem with measuring the impact of learning experiences using the 'Curriculum as Product' approach?
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Which of these statements accurately describes the dualistic model of curriculum and instruction?
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Which model depicts curriculum as a superordinate entity that encompasses instruction as a subordinate element?
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Which of the following is NOT a potential consequence of the dualistic model?
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Which of the following best describes the circular model of curriculum and instruction?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the dualistic model?
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Which model emphasizes a hierarchical relationship between curriculum and instruction?
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Which of the following statements best reflects the concentric model's perspective on instruction?
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Which model emphasizes the importance of ongoing communication and feedback between curriculum developers and teachers?
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Study Notes
Definitions of Curriculum
- Commonly equated with syllabus; however, curriculum encompasses all teaching-learning experiences in school.
- Franklin Bobbitt, known as the Father of Curriculum, published "The Curriculum" in 1918, sparking various definitions and theories.
- Tanner (1980) defined curriculum as planned learning experiences aimed at continuous growth in personal and social competence.
- Schubert (1987) viewed curriculum as content, planned activities, and a reflection of culture aimed at societal reform.
- Pratt (1980) described curriculum as a formal document outlining goals, objectives, content, and evaluation procedures.
- Goodlad and Su (1992) characterized it as a plan for learning opportunities designed to change student behavior.
- Cronbleth (1992) posed three key questions regarding knowledge, skills, and values that students must acquire for personal interaction and goal-setting.
Hidden Curriculum
- Represents the unintended lessons, values, and perspectives that students learn alongside the formal curriculum.
- Significant in education for shaping social norms, values, and behaviors that impact students' overall learning experience.
Approaches to Curriculum
- Examined through three lenses:
- Curriculum as Content: Focused on the subjects and skills to be taught, often equated with the syllabus.
- Curriculum as Product: Emphasizes desired learning outcomes and measurable changes in student behavior.
- Curriculum as Process: Concerns classroom dynamics and interactions during the implementation of the curriculum.
Criticism of Curriculum as Product
- Criticized for being overly technical and sequential, which may strip agency from learners.
- Success is often measured solely through behavioural changes, limiting creativity and reducing educators to technical roles.
- Objective measurement is difficult, and impacts of learning experiences may not be immediately apparent.
Curriculum Development Process
- Involves phases: planning, design, implementation, and evaluation, often depicted in a linear structure.
- Each phase offers a guide to streamline thinking about curriculum creation.
- Curriculum consists of prescribed content and designed learning experiences; instruction is seen as the application of the plan.
Relationships between Curriculum and Instruction
- Dualistic Model: Separates curriculum and instruction, potentially leading to disconnection between plans and classroom realities.
- Concentric Model: Positions instruction as a dependent part of the overarching curriculum, indicating a hierarchical relationship.
- Circular Model: Suggests a continuous relationship between curriculum and instruction, maintaining the influence of both elements over time.
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Description
Explore the different definitions and theories of curriculum, from Franklin Bobbitt to modern interpretations. Understand the nuances of curriculum development and its significance in education.
