Culture and Ethics Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What does ethical relativism assert about moral standards?

  • They vary based on individual beliefs.
  • They depend on the society one belongs to. (correct)
  • They are universal and apply to all cultures.
  • They are independent of cultural influences.

    • How does cultural relativism relate to ethical relativism?

  • Cultural relativism denies the existence of ethics.
  • Cultural relativism is irrelevant to ethical discussions.
  • Cultural relativism supports the principles of ethical absolutism.
  • Cultural relativism provides context for understanding ethical values. (correct)

    • Which term is derived from the Greek word 'ethos'?

  • Culture
  • Relativism
  • Morality
  • Ethics (correct)

    • According to the chapter, which of the following best describes the term culture?

    <p>A complex concept with multiple meanings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Ruth Benedict emphasize regarding ethical values?

    <p>They are dependent on cultural contexts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following reflects an aspect of ethical relativism?

    <p>Moral judgments can vary across cultural boundaries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the etymology of ethics and morality significant?

    <p>It highlights their connection to cultural customs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception about ethical relativism?

    <p>It advocates for absolute moral principles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do customs play in ethical relativism?

    <p>They provide a framework for understanding ethics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best summarizes the viewpoint of ethical relativism?

    <p>Different cultures have different ethical beliefs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main concept expressed by cultural relativism?

    <p>Values are shaped by a society's experience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which item is considered a staple in the Filipino diet due to cultural and environmental factors?

    <p>Rice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What linguistic phenomenon illustrates cultural relativism in the Philippines?

    <p>Many lexemes for the different types of rice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant outcome of cultural relativism on individuals from different backgrounds?

    <p>They may experience culture shock.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does ethical relativism suggest about values of right and wrong?

    <p>They vary significantly across different cultures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do the Inuit have numerous lexemes related to snow?

    <p>Snow is a significant aspect of their environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What example illustrates the impact of cultural relativism on diet?

    <p>The prohibition of pork in certain cultures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Ruth Benedict suggest about ethical and moral values in different cultures?

    <p>They are simply socially approved habits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between cultural relativism and values?

    <p>Cultural context shapes the perception of values.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of the tribe in Northwest Melanesia, what is considered a moral obligation regarding garden crops?

    <p>To engage in secrecy about harvesting yams.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How might linguistic diversity result from cultural adaptation?

    <p>Through the need to name local flora and fauna.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does culture shock generally refer to?

    <p>Confusion experienced when encountering unfamiliar cultural values.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Benedict, what influences the definition of what is ethical or moral in a culture?

    <p>Social acceptability within that culture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the tribe's view of food affect their relationships and social structure?

    <p>It creates distrust and fosters individualism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would be the consequence for someone who eats their seed yams in the tribe?

    <p>They would be considered an outcast for life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Benedict's theory differ from the idea of ethical absolutism?

    <p>It asserts that ethical values vary across cultures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might Cebuanos think about the attitudes towards black magic in the Northwest Melanesian tribe?

    <p>They would likely find it immoral and unacceptable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the societal preoccupation with poisoning indicate about the tribe's worldview?

    <p>They maintain a perpetual sense of hostility and caution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the phrase used when accepting a gift in the tribe?

    <p>It acknowledges the risk of betrayal and harm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does ethical relativism primarily suggest about moral values?

    <p>Moral values are dependent on cultural context.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best encapsulates cultural relativism?

    <p>Ethical standards are influenced by the cultural context.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is credited with the view of ethical relativism as it relates to culture?

    <p>Ruth Benedict</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term is related to the Greek word 'ethos' referring to customs?

    <p>Ethics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'culture' signify in the context of ethics?

    <p>The totality of customs and traditions of a group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes an outcome of ethical relativism?

    <p>Judgments about morality can vary greatly across cultures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential challenge in the study of cultural and ethical relativism?

    <p>It may justify harmful practices in certain cultures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the connection between customs and ethics according to the chapter?

    <p>Customs serve as the foundation for ethical values.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is cultural relativism primarily concerned with?

    <p>The variations in cultural values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lexeme in Bisaya refers to cooked rice?

    <p>kan-on</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the Inuit people have that is related to their environment?

    <p>Linguistic terms related to snow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of culture shock mentioned in the content?

    <p>Arriving in a country that prohibits eating pork</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do values differ across cultures according to the content?

    <p>Due to the unique experiences and environments of each society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of ethical relativism is highlighted in the content?

    <p>What is considered good in one culture can be bad in another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term illustrates the absence of specific words in a culture?

    <p>Linguistic relativism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible term for burnt rice in Bisaya?

    <p>dukot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary organizing principle behind ethical relativism according to Ruth Benedict?

    <p>Socially approved habits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the tribe from Northwest Melanesia, how is a good garden crop perceived?

    <p>As a confession of theft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What societal reaction occurs if someone eats their seed yams in the tribe?

    <p>They become an outcast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the tribe's careful approach to sharing food indicate about their social interactions?

    <p>There is a deep mistrust among individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phrase is commonly used in the tribe when accepting a gift?

    <p>And if you now poison me, how shall I repay you this present?</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the normal-abnormal categories in Benedict's ethical relativism?

    <p>They determine what is acceptable behavior in a culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Benedict suggest moral judgments are formed within a culture?

    <p>By social acceptability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What social structure is affected by the constant paranoia surrounding food in the tribe?

    <p>Family ties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Culture and Ethics

    • Ethics and morality are concerned with right and wrong actions.
    • Ethics originates from the Greek term "ethos" and morality from the Latin term "mores," both signifying "customs."
    • Customs refer to a group's way of life, like "Philippine culture and tradition" and "Philippine customs and tradition."

    Ethical Relativism

    • Ethical relativism asserts that moral rightness and wrongness vary across societies, with no universal moral standards.
    • Actions are considered right or wrong based on the society in which they occur.
    • Cultural relativism holds that people from different cultures possess different values, arising from their unique experiences.
    • Values are shaped by a society's general customs and beliefs, as well as its specific way of life.
    • Language and diet are examples of cultural elements influenced by environmental factors.
    • "Culture shock" reflects the impact of encountering values that are unfamiliar to one's own.

    Ruth Benedict's Theory on Ethical Relativism

    • Benedict argues that ethical and moral values are "convenient terms" for socially accepted habits.
    • Different societies may have varying standards of what is considered acceptable behavior.
    • Benedict illustrates this with the example of a Northwest Melanesian tribe where paranoia and suspicion are socially accepted norms.
    • This tribe views a good harvest as evidence of theft, and even considers gifts as potential poisonings.
    • Their perspective would be considered wrong or immoral by many other cultures, demonstrating the relativity of moral values.

    Conclusion

    • Ethical relativism asserts that what is good or bad, or right or wrong, is determined by social acceptability.
    • Social norms and values, which vary across cultures, are key to defining what is considered ethical behavior.
    • Ethical relativism relies on the concept of "normal-abnormal categories" of society, which identify what is accepted within a given culture.

    Culture and Ethics

    • Ethics and morality concern right and wrong actions
    • The roots of these terms are "ethos" (Greek) and "mores" (Latin), which means "customs"
    • Ethical relativism is based on the idea that ethics is influenced by customs and beliefs of a society

    Cultural Relativism

    • Different cultures have different values
    • Cultural relativism recognizes that values are relative to each culture
    • Ethical relativism is the doctrine that moral rightness and wrongness is determined by the culture in which it is practiced
    • Ruth Benedict is a proponent of ethical relativism

    Examples of Cultural Relativism

    • Diet: The Philippines being a tropical country is suitable for rice farming which makes it a staple food in Filipino culture. Filipinos have developed many words to describe rice in their language. Meanwhile, the Inuit people, who live in cold climates, have many words for snow, because it is a significant part of their environment.
    • Social Behavior: In Northwest Melanesia, a tribe views constant suspicion and mistrust as normal. They believe enemies are constantly trying to harm them, and even see offering gifts as a potential form of poison. Benedict argues this behavior is acceptable within their culture, even though other cultures would view it as paranoia and immoral.
    • Culture Shock: When people experience a different culture that is alien to them, they may experience discomfort and difficulty adapting, which is called culture shock.

    Conclusion

    • Societies have their own normal and abnormal categories for defining good and bad
    • Social acceptability, informed by cultural norms, is the basis for ethical relativism
    • Ethical relativism suggests that there is no objective standard of good and bad, and that these concepts are relative to the culture in which they are interpreted.

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    Chapter 2 Culture and Ethics PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the concepts of ethics, morality, and cultural relativism. This quiz covers key ideas, including the origins of these terms and their implications in various societies. Explore how cultural customs shape moral views and the challenges posed by differing values.

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