30 Questions
What is the metaphorical meaning of the act of forcefully exhaling air in the Pagdadala model?
Giving an account of one's experience
What does the phrase 'Kailangan kong maibsan' literally mean?
I need to put my burden down
What does the process of maiigpawan involve in the Pagdadala model?
Altering the way a burden is carried
What is the local definition of pag-igpaw in the context of the Pagdadala model?
To transcend
What is the reinterpretation of the burden, the self as burden bearer, and the destination of the burden referred to as in the Pagdadala model?
Pag-igpaw
What is the purpose of going to a mahihingahan in the context of the Pagdadala model?
To share one's story of an event
What is the English equivalent of the term 'mahihingahan'?
A listening ear
Which term is used in the context of survivors needing to talk to someone after a traumatic event?
Makahinga
Which term is used to describe the process of putting down one's burden?
Naiibsan
Which profession is not necessarily required to perform the functions of a 'mahihingahan' in the Philippines?
Family members
What is the role of debriefing in the context of natural and manmade disasters?
A specific role taken by counselors, psychologists, and psychiatrists during relief operations
What is the importance of a 'mahihingahan' within the Pagdadala framework?
It is more important than a 'listening ear' in Western culture
What is the primary concern for the majority of Filipinos according to the text?
Struggling for daily survival
Enriquez's description of 'kapwa' mainly applies to which group of individuals?
Middle-class Filipinos from Bulacan
In the Pagdadala model, what is the question of survival primarily related to?
Family and community burden-sharing
Which perspective tends to be favored over psychology in the Filipino context, as per the text?
Political and economic viewpoints
What distinguishes the use of 'kapwa' in middle-class Filipinos according to the text?
'Kapwa' highlights communal relationships
According to Enriquez, how do middle-class Filipinos from Bulacan view the 'outsider'?
As an integral part of their community
What does the Pagdadala model emphasize?
The community over the self
How do Filipinos view the burden of one's self (ang sarili)?
A light burden
What do therapists recognize about addressing human problems?
The limitations of their own perspective
What is the risk associated with therapists working from an unsystematic mix of perspectives?
Failure to address human problems effectively
What is sometimes referred to as eclecticism in therapy?
Adopting multiple therapeutic paradigms
What is the proposed solution by Cottone (1992) to address the limitations of using multiple therapeutic paradigms?
Adopting a paradigm that subsumes all other paradigms
What is the author's view on the focus of counseling and therapy in the Philippines?
The author believes the focus should begin with the client's problems and needs.
What does the author emphasize about counseling being a service and not a business-profession?
The author emphasizes that there are already many caring Filipinos helping without professional training.
What does the author believe about the nature of Filipinos and their 'methods' of counseling?
The author believes that Filipinos' methods should be seen as intentions rather than procedures.
What symptoms of burnout were Filipinos familiar with in the early '80s?
The symptoms of burnout were known to Filipinos, but there was no Tagalog term for them.
What local studies on burnout found regarding Filipinos' experience with burnout?
Local studies found that Filipinos experienced burnout and used terms such as nauubos, nauupod, napapagod, napipiga.
What does the term 'pakiramdaman' refer to in the context of Filipino counseling?
The term 'pakiramdaman' refers to the improvisatory nature of Filipinos in counseling.
Explore the differences between the concepts of 'mahihingahan' and 'listening ear', and how cultural frameworks influence the importance of communication styles such as empathy. Delve into the nuances of communication within the Pagdadala framework compared to western views.
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