Cultural Differences in Communication
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Questions and Answers

What is the metaphorical meaning of the act of forcefully exhaling air in the Pagdadala model?

  • Reframing a burden bearing experience
  • Lifting a burden
  • Setting aside a burden
  • Giving an account of one's experience (correct)

    • What does the phrase 'Kailangan kong maibsan' literally mean?

  • I need to lift a burden
  • I need to carry a burden
  • I need to put my burden down (correct)
  • I need to exhale

    • What does the process of maiigpawan involve in the Pagdadala model?

  • Exhaling forcefully
  • Lifting a burden
  • Altering the way a burden is carried (correct)
  • Setting aside a burden

    • What is the local definition of pag-igpaw in the context of the Pagdadala model?

    <p>To transcend</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reinterpretation of the burden, the self as burden bearer, and the destination of the burden referred to as in the Pagdadala model?

    <p>Pag-igpaw</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of going to a mahihingahan in the context of the Pagdadala model?

    <p>To share one's story of an event</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the English equivalent of the term 'mahihingahan'?

    <p>A listening ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term is used in the context of survivors needing to talk to someone after a traumatic event?

    <p>Makahinga</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term is used to describe the process of putting down one's burden?

    <p>Naiibsan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which profession is not necessarily required to perform the functions of a 'mahihingahan' in the Philippines?

    <p>Family members</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of debriefing in the context of natural and manmade disasters?

    <p>A specific role taken by counselors, psychologists, and psychiatrists during relief operations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of a 'mahihingahan' within the Pagdadala framework?

    <p>It is more important than a 'listening ear' in Western culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern for the majority of Filipinos according to the text?

    <p>Struggling for daily survival</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Enriquez's description of 'kapwa' mainly applies to which group of individuals?

    <p>Middle-class Filipinos from Bulacan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Pagdadala model, what is the question of survival primarily related to?

    <p>Family and community burden-sharing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which perspective tends to be favored over psychology in the Filipino context, as per the text?

    <p>Political and economic viewpoints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the use of 'kapwa' in middle-class Filipinos according to the text?

    <p>'Kapwa' highlights communal relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Enriquez, how do middle-class Filipinos from Bulacan view the 'outsider'?

    <p>As an integral part of their community</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Pagdadala model emphasize?

    <p>The community over the self</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do Filipinos view the burden of one's self (ang sarili)?

    <p>A light burden</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do therapists recognize about addressing human problems?

    <p>The limitations of their own perspective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the risk associated with therapists working from an unsystematic mix of perspectives?

    <p>Failure to address human problems effectively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is sometimes referred to as eclecticism in therapy?

    <p>Adopting multiple therapeutic paradigms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the proposed solution by Cottone (1992) to address the limitations of using multiple therapeutic paradigms?

    <p>Adopting a paradigm that subsumes all other paradigms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the author's view on the focus of counseling and therapy in the Philippines?

    <p>The author believes the focus should begin with the client's problems and needs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the author emphasize about counseling being a service and not a business-profession?

    <p>The author emphasizes that there are already many caring Filipinos helping without professional training.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the author believe about the nature of Filipinos and their 'methods' of counseling?

    <p>The author believes that Filipinos' methods should be seen as intentions rather than procedures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptoms of burnout were Filipinos familiar with in the early '80s?

    <p>The symptoms of burnout were known to Filipinos, but there was no Tagalog term for them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What local studies on burnout found regarding Filipinos' experience with burnout?

    <p>Local studies found that Filipinos experienced burnout and used terms such as nauubos, nauupod, napapagod, napipiga.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'pakiramdaman' refer to in the context of Filipino counseling?

    <p>The term 'pakiramdaman' refers to the improvisatory nature of Filipinos in counseling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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