Cultural Differences in Communication

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What is the metaphorical meaning of the act of forcefully exhaling air in the Pagdadala model?

Reframing a burden bearing experience

Lifting a burden

Setting aside a burden

Giving an account of one's experience (correct)

What does the phrase 'Kailangan kong maibsan' literally mean?

I need to lift a burden

I need to carry a burden

I need to put my burden down (correct)

I need to exhale

What does the process of maiigpawan involve in the Pagdadala model?

Exhaling forcefully

Lifting a burden

Altering the way a burden is carried (correct)

Setting aside a burden

What is the local definition of pag-igpaw in the context of the Pagdadala model?

To transcend Signup and view all the answers

What is the reinterpretation of the burden, the self as burden bearer, and the destination of the burden referred to as in the Pagdadala model?

Pag-igpaw Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of going to a mahihingahan in the context of the Pagdadala model?

To share one's story of an event Signup and view all the answers

What is the English equivalent of the term 'mahihingahan'?

A listening ear Signup and view all the answers

Which term is used in the context of survivors needing to talk to someone after a traumatic event?

Makahinga Signup and view all the answers

Which term is used to describe the process of putting down one's burden?

Naiibsan Signup and view all the answers

Which profession is not necessarily required to perform the functions of a 'mahihingahan' in the Philippines?

Family members Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of debriefing in the context of natural and manmade disasters?

A specific role taken by counselors, psychologists, and psychiatrists during relief operations Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of a 'mahihingahan' within the Pagdadala framework?

It is more important than a 'listening ear' in Western culture Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern for the majority of Filipinos according to the text?

Struggling for daily survival Signup and view all the answers

Enriquez's description of 'kapwa' mainly applies to which group of individuals?

Middle-class Filipinos from Bulacan Signup and view all the answers

In the Pagdadala model, what is the question of survival primarily related to?

Family and community burden-sharing Signup and view all the answers

Which perspective tends to be favored over psychology in the Filipino context, as per the text?

Political and economic viewpoints Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the use of 'kapwa' in middle-class Filipinos according to the text?

'Kapwa' highlights communal relationships Signup and view all the answers

According to Enriquez, how do middle-class Filipinos from Bulacan view the 'outsider'?

As an integral part of their community Signup and view all the answers

What does the Pagdadala model emphasize?

The community over the self Signup and view all the answers

How do Filipinos view the burden of one's self (ang sarili)?

A light burden Signup and view all the answers

What do therapists recognize about addressing human problems?

The limitations of their own perspective Signup and view all the answers

What is the risk associated with therapists working from an unsystematic mix of perspectives?

Failure to address human problems effectively Signup and view all the answers

What is sometimes referred to as eclecticism in therapy?

Adopting multiple therapeutic paradigms Signup and view all the answers

What is the proposed solution by Cottone (1992) to address the limitations of using multiple therapeutic paradigms?

Adopting a paradigm that subsumes all other paradigms Signup and view all the answers

What is the author's view on the focus of counseling and therapy in the Philippines?

The author believes the focus should begin with the client's problems and needs. Signup and view all the answers

What does the author emphasize about counseling being a service and not a business-profession?

The author emphasizes that there are already many caring Filipinos helping without professional training. Signup and view all the answers

What does the author believe about the nature of Filipinos and their 'methods' of counseling?

The author believes that Filipinos' methods should be seen as intentions rather than procedures. Signup and view all the answers

What symptoms of burnout were Filipinos familiar with in the early '80s?

The symptoms of burnout were known to Filipinos, but there was no Tagalog term for them. Signup and view all the answers

What local studies on burnout found regarding Filipinos' experience with burnout?

Local studies found that Filipinos experienced burnout and used terms such as nauubos, nauupod, napapagod, napipiga. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'pakiramdaman' refer to in the context of Filipino counseling?

The term 'pakiramdaman' refers to the improvisatory nature of Filipinos in counseling. Signup and view all the answers