Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of understanding the Mechanism of Injury (MOI) during trauma assessment?
What is the primary purpose of understanding the Mechanism of Injury (MOI) during trauma assessment?
Which of the following is NOT part of the primary survey in trauma assessment?
Which of the following is NOT part of the primary survey in trauma assessment?
Which factor does NOT influence the healing of fractures?
Which factor does NOT influence the healing of fractures?
Which of the following correctly classifies a fracture that is completely through the bone with a break in the skin?
Which of the following correctly classifies a fracture that is completely through the bone with a break in the skin?
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What clinical manifestation is most commonly associated with fractures?
What clinical manifestation is most commonly associated with fractures?
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Which of the following statements about the pathophysiology of fractures is true?
Which of the following statements about the pathophysiology of fractures is true?
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Which diagnostic tool is not typically included in the trauma panel for assessing fractures?
Which diagnostic tool is not typically included in the trauma panel for assessing fractures?
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Which type of fracture is described as having no break in the skin but a complete disruption through the bone?
Which type of fracture is described as having no break in the skin but a complete disruption through the bone?
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Which of the following is a crucial step in the initial nursing management of fractures?
Which of the following is a crucial step in the initial nursing management of fractures?
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What is a recommended action for managing an open fracture?
What is a recommended action for managing an open fracture?
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What complication is characterized by elevated intracompartmental pressure affecting neurovascular function?
What complication is characterized by elevated intracompartmental pressure affecting neurovascular function?
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In managing pelvic fractures, what method is used to assess pelvic stability?
In managing pelvic fractures, what method is used to assess pelvic stability?
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Which patient demographic is most affected by hip fractures?
Which patient demographic is most affected by hip fractures?
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What is the principle behind closed reduction management of fractures?
What is the principle behind closed reduction management of fractures?
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What is one of the primary goals of collaborative management in fracture care?
What is one of the primary goals of collaborative management in fracture care?
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Which type of fracture typically requires immediate surgical intervention for realignment?
Which type of fracture typically requires immediate surgical intervention for realignment?
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What condition can result from muscle breakdown following a crush injury?
What condition can result from muscle breakdown following a crush injury?
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Which of the following symptoms is NOT typically associated with compartment syndrome?
Which of the following symptoms is NOT typically associated with compartment syndrome?
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What management strategy is essential to prevent venous thromboembolism in fractured patients?
What management strategy is essential to prevent venous thromboembolism in fractured patients?
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What is a common symptom of fat embolism syndrome following a fracture?
What is a common symptom of fat embolism syndrome following a fracture?
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When managing a closed fracture, which step is NOT typically part of the initial care?
When managing a closed fracture, which step is NOT typically part of the initial care?
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Study Notes
Trauma Assessment: Why is Mechanism of Injury (MOI) Important?
- MOI is crucial to understanding the potential impact of the injury.
- Mechanism of injury determines the level of force experienced.
- High speed collisions can indicate predictive factors for certain injuries.
- Knowing the cause helps prepare for possible injuries.
- Useful info like; speed of vehicle, height of fall, direction of impact, type of event, helps in assessment.
Goals of Trauma Assessment
- Recognize life-threatening conditions.
- Prioritize injuries based on severity.
- Organize care to meet the needs of the patient.
- Increase trauma prevalence awareness by recognizing the frequency of injuries in certain areas.
Primary Survey
- Airway (ensure patent airway)
- Breathing (assess respiratory rate and effort)
- Circulation (assess pulse, skin color, temperature)
- Disability (assess neurological status)
- Exposure (expose the patient for full examination)
Secondary Survey
- All systematic assessments of specific body areas are performed to reveal more injuries and possible complications.
- This allows comprehensive observation of injuries and symptoms.
- Gather comprehensive medical history.
- Family presence and comfort are assessed.
Trauma Panel: Diagnostics
- Complete blood count (CBC).
- Blood type and crossmatch.
- Blood glucose level.
- Prothrombin time (PT).
- Partial thromboplastin time (PTT).
- Basic metabolic panel (BMP).
- Electrolytes, BUN, Creatinine.
- Alcohol level.
- Urine toxicology (toxicology screen).
- Urine output
- X-ray or CT scan or other imaging tests
Fractures:
- Fracture occurs when the bone can't absorb the stress placed on it.
- Fracture is the breaking of a bone.
- Direct force of impact creates a fracture.
- Excessive force or repetitive stress creates bone fracture.
- Can be caused by an injury or a disease process.
Classification of Fractures
- Complete (broken bone) : The bone breaks completely.
- Open (the skin above the bone is damaged): A break that extends through the skin.
- Displaced/Non-displaced: Whether the bone fragments are still in their normal position or not.
- Comminuted/Simple: Number of pieces the bone is broken into during a fracture.
- Linear/Oblique/Transverse: Direction of the break in the fracture.
Pathophysiology of Fractures
- When force is applied to bone, there is damage to soft tissues, including blood vessels, causing bleeding around the fracture site.
- Bone tissue and muscles can undergo damage causing pain.
Clinical Manifestations of Fractures
- Immediate localized pain.
- Decrease or complete loss of function.
- Deformity/unnatural position (obviouly visible changes).
- Edema and crepitation.
- Muscle spasms.
Stages of Bone Healing
- Hematoma formation
- Fibrocartilaginous callus formation
- Bony callus formation
- Bone remodeling
Factors Influencing Bone Healing
- Adequate blood supply to the fracture.
- Immobilization and reduction
- Elimination of soft tissue damage and hematomas.
- Bone minerals.
- Age
- General health conditions
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