Trauma Fractures Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What substance is injected into the vertebral body to prevent further collapse?

  • Surgical glue
  • Hydroxyapatite
  • Calcium carbonate
  • Cement (Polymethylmethacrylate) (correct)

Which part of the eye socket is most commonly affected by a blow-out fracture?

  • Orbital Floor (correct)
  • Orbital Wall
  • Optic Canal
  • Orbital Roof

What is the main cause of a Colles' fracture?

  • Falling backwards onto a hard surface (correct)
  • Falling forward onto an outstretched hand
  • Direct hit to the wrist
  • Twisting motion at the wrist

What type of fracture occurs when the height of the vertebral body is compromised?

<p>Compression Fracture (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fracture is often the result of a high energy impact and can involve dislocation?

<p>Femoral Head Fracture (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which population are hip fractures most commonly seen?

<p>Elderly individuals with osteoporosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What surgical intervention is often performed to stabilize compression fractures?

<p>Vertebroplasty with Cage and Rods (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common consequence of a femoral neck or transcervical fracture regarding blood supply?

<p>It is often disrupted (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the best position to visualize an elbow fracture?

<p>Lateral view (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a positive Fat Pad Sign indicate?

<p>Presence of a fracture (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of fracture occurs just below the Intertrochanteric Crest?

<p>Subtrochanteric Fracture (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hip fracture type usually does not damage the blood supply to the hip?

<p>Intertrochanteric Fracture (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated when the Posterior Fat Pad is displaced?

<p>Fracture in the distal humerus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the risk associated with a fractured femoral neck?

<p>Disruption of blood supply to the femoral head (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What surgical method is often used to reduce an Intertrochanteric Hip Fracture?

<p>Metal Plate and Screws (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is commonly observed in a Galeazzi Fracture?

<p>Fracture of the radial shaft (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment approach for Salter-Harris Type I fractures?

<p>Usually requires a cast for treatment. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of Salter-Harris fracture involves a combination of a fracture of the proximal ulna and dislocation of the radial head?

<p>Type II (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a Salter-Harris Type III fracture?

<p>Fracture of the epiphysis combined with partial dislocation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about Salter-Harris Type IV fractures is true?

<p>They involve fractures of both the epiphysis and the metaphysis. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical prognosis for Salter-Harris Type III fractures?

<p>They have a good prognosis. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are Salter-Harris Type II fractures characterized?

<p>Involves partial dislocation of the epiphysis and a fracture of the metaphysis. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected outcome for a Monteggia fracture?

<p>Usually includes surgical repair due to instability. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishing feature is observed in the Monteggia fracture?

<p>Dislocation of the radial head within the elbow joint. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of fracture involves the impaction of the Epiphysis into the Metaphysis?

<p>Type V (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common sign of a fracture?

<p>Pain in the affected area (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining characteristic of a Tripod Fracture?

<p>Three articulations of the zygomatic bone are fractured (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of surgery is typically used to stabilize and heal a broken bone in the case of a Tripod Fracture?

<p>Surgical reduction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes an open or compound fracture?

<p>Bone penetrates the skin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary risk factor associated with an open fracture?

<p>High risk of infection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bones articulate with the zygomatic bone in a Tripod Fracture?

<p>Frontal, Temporal, Maxillary (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a fracture where the skin is not penetrated?

<p>Closed fracture (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary classification of a maxillary fracture that involves horizontal separation from the base of the skull?

<p>LeFort I (Horizontal Fracture) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fracture forms a triangular separation of the maxilla involving vertical fractures of the nasal and malar bones?

<p>LeFort II (Pyramidal Fracture) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What classification would best describe a major type of maxillary fracture that extends across the orbits?

<p>LeFort III (Transverse Fracture) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a partial dislocation often occurring with fractures?

<p>Subluxation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A blow-out fracture is primarily caused by which type of impact?

<p>Direct blow to the front of the orbit (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is commonly associated with battered child syndrome, often involving reminders of physical abuse?

<p>Fractures in various stages of healing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which classification of dislocation refers to a complete loss of contact in a joint?

<p>Joint Dislocation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of injury is indicated by a physical form of child abuse that involves nonaccidental trauma?

<p>Battered Child Syndrome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor does the lung produce in response to silica exposure?

<p>Fibroblast-stimulating factor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the classic imaging appearance of Silicosis?

<p>Multiple nodular shadows (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In younger individuals, what is a solitary pulmonary nodule likely to be associated with?

<p>Minimal risk of cancer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of calcification is diagnostic of a benign process in a solitary pulmonary nodule?

<p>Central dense or popcorn calcification (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential incidental finding on a screening chest radiograph?

<p>Asymptomatic solitary pulmonary nodule (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes benign solitary pulmonary nodules such as a tuberculoma?

<p>Central calcification with smooth surface (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What profession is at risk for developing asbestosis?

<p>Improperly protected construction workers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What imaging technique might be necessary to demonstrate calcification effectively in benign nodules?

<p>Low-kVp technique (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Blow-Out Fracture

A fracture of the eye socket's wall (floor, wall, or roof) caused by blunt trauma. The contents of the orbit are pushed into the maxillary sinus.

Compression Fracture

Fracture of the vertebral body where its height is reduced; often caused by falls or accidents.

Vertebroplasty

Surgical procedure using bone cement to stabilize a compression fracture, preventing further collapse.

Colles' Fracture

Fracture of the distal radius with posterior and lateral displacement of the distal fragment. Often happens when falling and bracing with hands.

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Hip Fracture

Fracture of the proximal end of the femur, often resulting from falls, especially in elderly patients with osteoporosis.

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Femoral Head Fracture

Fracture of the femoral head often due to high-impact injuries and may also involve a dislocation.

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Femoral Neck Fracture

Fracture of the femoral neck; frequently involving disruption of blood supply to the femoral head.

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Maxillary Bone (Orbital Floor)

Specific part of the maxilla forming the floor of the eye socket; frequently involved in blow-out fractures.

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Fat Pad Sign

A radiolucent area on an X-ray of the elbow, indicating a fracture.

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Intertrochanteric Fracture

A hip fracture that occurs across the intertrochanteric crest.

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Subtrochanteric Fracture

Hip fracture just below the intertrochanteric crest, extending along the femur.

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Transcervical Fracture

A hip fracture through the femoral neck, often disrupting blood supply to the femoral head.

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Total Hip Replacement

Surgical procedure to replace a damaged hip joint.

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Metal Plate and Screws

Surgical fixation method to repair fractures.

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Galeazzi Fracture

Fracture of the radius with displacement of the distal radioulnar joint.

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Lateral Elbow X-ray

X-ray view of the elbow from the side, used to evaluate for fat pad sign.

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Salter-Harris Fracture

Fracture that involves the growth plate (epiphyseal plate).

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Fracture

Break in a bone caused by force.

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Tripod Fracture

Fracture of zygomatic bone at three articulations.

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Open Fracture

Fracture where skin is broken.

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Closed Fracture

Fracture without skin break.

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ORIF

Surgery to fix a broken bone.

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Growth Plate Fracture

Fracture occurring in the area of a growing bone.

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Malar Bone

Bone of the cheek.

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ORIF Surgery

Surgical procedure for fracture repair, using plates and screws (internal fixation) to hold the fractured bone in place.

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Salter-Harris Fracture

Fracture of the growth plate (epiphyseal plate) in children.

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Salter-Harris Type I

Complete separation of the epiphysis from the shaft (metaphysis).

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Salter-Harris Type II

Most common type involving a fracture of the metaphysis and a partial dislocation of the epiphysis.

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Monteggia Fracture

Fracture of the proximal ulna combined with a radial head dislocation.

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Salter-Harris Type III

Fracture of the epiphysis with a significant separation from the metaphysis, often at the distal tibia.

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Salter-Harris Type IV

Fracture involving both the epiphysis and the metaphysis.

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Growth Plate

Cartilage part at the end of long bones, responsible for growth in length.

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LeFort I Fracture

Maxilla separates from skull base, affecting palate and zygomatic process.

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LeFort II Fracture

Vertical fracture through maxilla near malar and nasal bones, triangular separation.

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LeFort III Fracture

Extensive transverse fracture across orbits, most severe maxillary fracture.

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Blow-Out Fracture

Orbital wall and floor fracture from blunt force to front of orbit.

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Maxillary Fractures

3 Major classes of fractures: LeFort I, II, III affecting the maxilla bone

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Joint Dislocation

Bone out of joint, not touching normal articulation, example - shoulder, hip, etc

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Subluxation

Partial dislocation, often with fracture, common in ankle or spine.

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Battered Child Syndrome

Physical abuse, often with emotional and sexual abuse

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Silicosis Lung Reaction

Lung's response to silica, causing extensive fibrosis (scarring).

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Silicosis Nodules

Multiple, often calcified, nodules in the lungs.

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Solitary Pulmonary Nodule

Single nodule in the lung, potentially benign or cancerous.

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Benign Solitary Pulmonary Nodule

Non-cancerous nodule, often with central calcification.

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Asbestosis

Lung disease from asbestos exposure.

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Central Calcification

Calcification in the center of a nodule, often benign.

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Lung Nodule Calcification

Nodules can be calcified, indicating different things about the nature of a nodule

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Imaging and Silicosis

Lung imaging shows scattered nodules in silicosis, often calcified.

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Study Notes

Trauma/Fracture

  • Fracture is a break in a bone caused by force
  • Treatment choices depend on fracture severity and type
  • Closed/Nondisplaced fractures often treated with splinting or casting
  • Closed reduction requires local or general anesthetic and application of a splint or cast.
  • Open reduction is needed for fractures piercing the skin or when orthopedic hardware is required
  • Open/Compound fractures always require internal fixation devices
  • Spiral fractures result from twisting force, resembling a spiral staircase
  • Spiral fractures in children may be a sign of abuse
  • Oblique fractures have a slanted break
  • Transverse fractures are horizontal breaks relative to the long axis of the bone

Types of Fractures

  • Transverse: The fracture line is perpendicular to the long axis of the bone.
  • Oblique: The fracture line is diagonal to the long axis of the bone.
  • Spiral: The fracture line spirals around the long axis of the bone.
  • Comminuted: The bone is broken into many fragments.
  • Greenstick: A partial fracture in which one side of the bone breaks while the other side bends. Common in children.
  • Torus: A partial fracture, often in the distal forearm of young children, where one side of the bone buckles without complete break.
  • Avulsion: A fragment of bone is separated from the main bone where a tendon or ligament attaches.
  • Compression: A vertebral body is crushed due to trauma, osteoporosis, or a tumor.
  • Butterfly: A comminuted fracture with one or more wedge-shaped fragments.
  • Stellate: A fracture with multiple fracture lines radiating from a central point (star-like).
  • Longitudinal: A fracture runs along the length of the bone.
  • Impacted: One bone fragment is driven into another.
  • Double: A fracture in two separate areas of the bone.

Specific Fractures

  • Jones fracture: Fracture of the fifth metatarsal bone, more difficult to heal compared to avulsion.
  • Boxer's fracture: Fracture of the metacarpal bone, usually resulting from a fist-based impact.
  • Colle's fracture: Fracture of the distal radius, commonly from falling backwards on an outstretched hand.
  • Monteggia fracture: Fracture of the proximal ulna, often accompanied by dislocation of the radial head in the elbow.
  • Hip fractures: Occur at the proximal end of the femur, often associated with falls in elderly patients with osteoporosis (e.g., femoral neck, intertrochanteric, subtrochanteric).

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RT 304 Lesson 1-3 (Prefinal) PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on various types of fractures and their treatments. This quiz covers essential concepts about bone injuries, including closed and open fractures, treatment options, and specific fracture types. Perfect for medical students or anyone interested in trauma care.

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