Questions and Answers
What is the speed of 100-Mbps Ethernet?
100 Mbps
Which IEEE standard defines Gigabit Ethernet operations over fiber optics?
IEEE 802.3z
What is the primary distinguishing feature of Fast Ethernet over 10-Mbps Ethernet?
Increased speed
What does Gigabit Ethernet increase tenfold over Fast Ethernet?
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Which LAN specification is also known as Fast Ethernet?
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What is the upcoming version of Ethernet that will operate at 10 Gbps?
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What occurs when two stations transmit simultaneously on a CSMA/CD LAN?
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What does the NIC do when a station transmits on a CSMA/CD LAN?
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How do CSMA/CD stations know when they must retransmit data?
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What is the purpose of the backoff algorithm in a CSMA/CD LAN?
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How are priorities managed in CSMA/CD networks?
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What happens if two or more stations attempt to transmit simultaneously on a CSMA/CD LAN?
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Study Notes
Ethernet Protocols
- There are four common protocols related to Ethernet: 10-Mbps, 100-Mbps, Gigabit, and 10000-Mbps Ethernet.
10-Mbps Ethernet
- Operates at 10 megabits per second (Mbps) over coaxial or twisted-pair cable.
- Meets LAN specifications (IEEE 802.3 and Ethernet II).
100-Mbps Ethernet (Fast Ethernet)
- Operates at 100 Mbps over twisted-pair cable.
- Meets LAN specification (IEEE 802.3u).
- Increases speed tenfold over 10-Mbps Ethernet.
Gigabit Ethernet
- Operates at 1000 Mbps, or 1 gigabit per second (Gbps).
- Meets IEEE 802.3 standards, including IEEE 802.3z (fiber optics) and IEEE 802.3ab (twisted-pair cable).
- Increases speed tenfold over Fast Ethernet.
10000-Mbps (10-Gbps) Ethernet
- Soon to be implemented.
CSMA/CD Protocol
- Stations on a CSMA/CD LAN can access the network at any time.
- Before sending data, stations listen to the network to determine whether it is already in use.
- If two stations transmit simultaneously, a collision occurs, and the stations must retransmit.
- The CSMA/CD process involves carrier sense, multiple access, and collision detection.
- Collisions are normally resolved in microseconds.
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