Wireless LANs and Network Technologies

The primary function of CSMA/CA is to avoid collisions by using a sense-before-transmitting approach and implementing backoff slots.

Hidden terminals are senders that cannot sense each other's transmissions but can still cause a collision at a common receiver.

Basic components include routers, switches, and a network of interconnected nodes to manage data packets effectively.

<p>IEEE 802.11 utilizes CSMA/CA, allowing devices to sense the channel before transmitting, thereby avoiding ongoing transmissions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>RTS (Request to Send) packets are used to reserve the channel before transmitting data packets, thus decreasing chances of collisions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Collision detection becomes ineffective when a transmission from one node is only received by its immediate neighbor and not by all nodes in range.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ACKs serve as confirmations that a packet has been successfully received, helping to identify and manage wireless transmission errors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hidden terminals cannot sense each other's transmissions, risking collisions at the receiver, while exposed terminals can sense ongoing transmissions, preventing unnecessary collisions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The RTS (Request-to-Send) reserves the channel for the sender, while the CTS (Clear-to-Send) indicates to the sender that the receiver is ready to accept the transmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>RTS stands for Request-to-Send, and its role is to notify the receiver to reserve the channel for the upcoming data transmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Collision avoidance reduces packet collisions by ensuring that only one sender at a time can transmit data after receiving a CTS response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The key distinction is scalability; WANs must grow to connect multiple sites over large geographic distances, unlike LANs which are typically localized.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three phases are circuit establishment, data transfer, and circuit disconnect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Packet-switching allows packets to take different routes and potentially arrive out of sequence, while virtual circuit connections use a pre-established route for all packets, ensuring a fixed path during the connection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A Packet Switch moves complete packets from one connection to another within a Wide Area Network.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When a packet-switching node crashes, all queued packets may be lost, and recovery of these lost packets is managed by the exit node or the destination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>If two RTS messages collide, neither sender successfully reserves the channel, resulting in a need to retransmit the RTS.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Scalability is essential so that the network can accommodate increasing connections and data traffic as more sites are added.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The virtual circuit identifier within each packet helps nodes along the established route to know where to direct packets without needing further routing decisions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Yes, multiple virtual circuits can exist between two stations, allowing them to maintain separate logical connections for different types of traffic simultaneously.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Packets may take different routes to their destination, which can result in variability in arrival times and sequence due to differing network conditions or paths.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Packet-switching networks send data in small packets, which can take different paths and are managed independently.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Congestion refers to too many sources sending too much data too fast for the network to handle, while flow control deals with one sender transmitting too quickly for a specific receiver.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Packets are still accepted, but delivery delays increase as the network manages the traffic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Control information helps routers forward the packet to its correct destination by providing addressing and management details.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Packet-switched networking is particularly advantageous for data transmissions that require flexibility, as it queues and transmits packets efficiently without dedicating resources to idle connections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It means each packet is routed separately without relying on the sequence or existence of previous packets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>If router buffers overflow, packets may be lost, leading to retransmissions and delays in delivery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Packet-switching enhances line efficiency by allowing multiple packets to share the same link, minimizing idle times and maximizing throughput.</p> Signup and view all the answers