CSCS Practice Exam Flashcards

Questions and Answers

Each muscle fiber is surrounded by a connective tissue called?

Endomysium

What is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the myofibril, causing tension development in a muscle?

Calcium ions that bind to troponin

What type of muscular contraction occurs in the pectoralis major during the slow, controlled, downward phase of a bench press?

Eccentric

What is the thick structural protein inside the sarcomere?

Myosin Signup and view all the answers

A muscle fiber that is small in diameter has a slow contraction speed, and a high capillary density would be classified as?

Type I Signup and view all the answers

Through which of the following valves does blood flow after contraction of the right atrium?

Tricuspid Signup and view all the answers

During a typical electrocardiogram, atrial depolarization is represented by?

P-wave Signup and view all the answers

While reading an ECG, electrical potential that depolarizes the ventricles is represented by?

QRS complex Signup and view all the answers

What blood vessel functions to exchange oxygen, fluid, nutrients, electrolytes, hormones, and other substances between the blood and the interstitial fluid in the various tissues of the body?

Capillaries Signup and view all the answers

Where are normal rhythmic electrical impulses initiated in the heart?

Sinoatrial (SA) node Signup and view all the answers

When performing a biceps curl, tension in the biceps brachii muscle increases. Which of the following structures detects and responds to the tension by reflexively reducing muscle activation?

Golgi tendon organ Signup and view all the answers

An athlete training for a marathon would benefit from having a high concentration of which muscle fiber type?

Type I Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the effect of adding intense stationary cycling to a college football player's resistance training program?

Strength gains compromised Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents the correct transmission of the heart's electrical impulse?

SA node, AV node, AV bundle, Purkinje fibers Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents a muscle of expiration?

Internal Intercostal Signup and view all the answers

Identify the correct path in which inhaled air is distributed to the lungs.

Trachea, Bronchi, Bronchioles, Alveoli Signup and view all the answers

Heavy resistance exercise has what effect on cardiac output?

No change Signup and view all the answers

What is the value of a metabolic equivalent (MET)?

3.5 ml of oxygen per kilogram of body weight per minute Signup and view all the answers

The phosphagen energy system would primarily supply ATP for which of the following activities?

100-m dash Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following pathways/systems has the highest capacity for energy production?

Oxidation of fats and proteins Signup and view all the answers

A male athlete fatigues during the running of a marathon. Which is the most probable factor that limited his performance in the race?

Depleted muscle glycogen Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary energy system at work when the body is at rest?

Oxidative Signup and view all the answers

ATP used during the 400-m dash would be primarily supplied from what energy system?

Fast glycolysis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following has the greatest influence on the energy system used for a given exercise?

Intensity Signup and view all the answers

Which energy system results in the formation of the organic end product lactic acid?

Fast glycolysis Signup and view all the answers

A female weightlifter is only able to complete 8 repetitions of a 10 RM set of power cleans. Which of the following factors is the least likely to have contributed to her missed repetitions?

Fat Stores Signup and view all the answers

You decide to use interval training to stress the phosphagen energy system. What would be an appropriate work to rest period ratio?

1:15 Signup and view all the answers

Aerobic training added to the training of anaerobic athletes (Combination Training) can lead to all of the following EXCEPT?

Increased speed Signup and view all the answers

All of the following are physiological roles of growth hormone EXCEPT?

Increase glycogen synthesis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following exercises would promote the highest increase in serum testosterone concentrations?

3 sets of deadlifts at 90% of one-repetition maximum Signup and view all the answers

Growth hormone stimulates what organ to secrete Insulin-Like Growth Factors?

Liver Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following variables would promote the greatest increase in serum testosterone levels?

Short rest intervals (30 sec to 1 min) Signup and view all the answers

Growth hormone is secreted by which of the following?

Anterior Pituitary Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following locations produce testosterone in women?

Ovaries and Adrenal Gland Signup and view all the answers

All of the following are important signal mechanisms for IGF release EXCEPT?

Testosterone Signup and view all the answers

Catecholamines act as all of the following EXCEPT?

Vasoconstrictors Signup and view all the answers

For women still having a menstrual cycle, which of the following hormones is higher than men at rest?

Growth Hormone Signup and view all the answers

The skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum are referred to as the?

Axial Skeleton Signup and view all the answers

The sutures of the skull are an example of what type of joint?

Fibrous Signup and view all the answers

When passing a basketball which muscles act as the agonist and antagonist?

Agonist: Triceps, Antagonist: Biceps Signup and view all the answers

A lever in which the muscle force and resistive force act on opposite sides of the fulcrum is referred to as?

First class Signup and view all the answers

A volleyball player is performing standing plantar flexion against resistance. Which of the following types of levers occurs at the ball of the foot during this exercise?

Second class Signup and view all the answers

Punting a football requires flexion of the hip that occurs in which plane of action?

Sagittal Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following shoulder movements and planes of action are associated with a tennis backhand?

Abduction/transverse Signup and view all the answers

During freestyle swimming, which of the following muscles acts as a synergist to the deltoid with regards to upper arm movement?

Infraspinatus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents the equation for Power?

Work / Time Signup and view all the answers

How much work is required to lift a 100 kg barbell 2 m for 5 repetitions?

9,800 J Signup and view all the answers

If it takes 30 seconds to lift a 100 kg barbell 2 m for 6 repetitions, what is the power output?

392 W Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle arrangement is NOT matched with the correct muscle example?

Biceps Brachii: Longitudinal Signup and view all the answers

All of the following are advantages of weight stack machines EXCEPT?

Simulation of real life activities Signup and view all the answers

An athlete is utilizing a cycle ergometer and in order to increase the intensity she turns the knob which controls the brake pad. This type of resistance is referred to as?

Friction Signup and view all the answers

The normal lumbar spine has what kind of curvature?

Lordotic Signup and view all the answers

Of the following back postures during lifting, which has been found to be the best at avoiding injury?

Slightly Arched Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following occurs as a result of heavy resistance training?

Decreased Mitochondrial Density Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following would result in increased motor cortex activity?

When an athlete learns a new sprinting technique Signup and view all the answers

A 13 year old boy is just beginning a resistance training program. At this stage, which type of adaptations will predominate?

Neural Signup and view all the answers

With regards to muscular hypertrophy, which fiber type shows the greatest increases in size?

Type II Signup and view all the answers

All of the following are principles of training to increase bone strength EXCEPT?

Type of load Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cells are responsible for new bone formation?

Osteoblasts Signup and view all the answers

Acute cardiovascular responses to anaerobic exercise result in all of the following EXCEPT?

Increased blood flow to resting muscles Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is one of the most commonly measured adaptations to aerobic endurance training?

Maximum oxygen uptake Signup and view all the answers

Adaptations to aerobic endurance training include all of the following EXCEPT?

Increased blood lactate concentrations Signup and view all the answers

The pressure against the arterial walls when no blood is being forcefully ejected by the heart is referred to as?

Diastolic Signup and view all the answers

During aerobic exercise, blood flow to the active muscles is?

Increased by dilation of arterioles Signup and view all the answers

All of the following physiological changes occur with aerobic endurance training EXCEPT?

Increased muscle strength Signup and view all the answers

A male cross country runner is suspected of suffering from overtraining. All of the following are markers of aerobic overtraining EXCEPT?

Increased percentage of body fat Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following adjustments occur during prolonged altitude exposure?

Increased blood viscosity Signup and view all the answers

Following detraining, a marathon runner will first notice a decline in maximal?

Oxygen consumption Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is primarily responsible for the significant improvements in strength of preadolescent boys and girls from resistance training?

Neurological Signup and view all the answers

Youth resistance training guidelines include all of the following EXCEPT?

3 consecutive training sessions per week are recommended Signup and view all the answers

When comparing absolute strength between men and women, which of the following statements is true?

In terms of absolute strength women are generally weaker than men Signup and view all the answers

An area of special emphasis when designing a resistance training program for women is?

Development of the upper body Signup and view all the answers

As a strength and conditioning professional, you should be aware that female basketball players are six times more likely than males to injure what body part?

ACL Signup and view all the answers

In order to help prevent injuries in female athletes, it is important to stress which of the following?

Optimize dietary intake Signup and view all the answers

A 67 year old female was found to have a bone mineral density -1.5 standard deviations below the young adult mean and would like to begin a resistance training program. Based on her bone mineral density she would be classified as having?

Osteopenia Signup and view all the answers

All of the following show decreases with the normal aging process EXCEPT?

Bodyfat Signup and view all the answers

A 10 year old boy is beginning a resistance training program. All of the following are likely benefits EXCEPT?

Increased muscle hypertrophy Signup and view all the answers

You are designing a training program for a 70 year old female golfer. Which of the following should be evaluated first?

Medical history Signup and view all the answers

The ideal performance state includes all of the following EXCEPT?

A wide focus of attention Signup and view all the answers

A basketball player at the free throw line during a close game experiences tense muscles, an elevated heart rate, and the butterflies. Which type of anxiety do these physical symptoms indicate?

Somatic anxiety Signup and view all the answers

During a field goal attempt, the kicker blocks out the crowd noise and the opposing players to focus specifically on the task at hand; this is referred to as?

Selective attention Signup and view all the answers

The ability to effectively manage many environmental stimuli simultaneously refers to which dispositional style?

Broad external attentional focus Signup and view all the answers

The women's soccer coach felt the team hustled especially hard at today's practice and announced that no wind sprints would be required at the end of practice. Which type of motivational phenomena does this relate to?

Negative reinforcement Signup and view all the answers

All of the following factors affect optimal arousal and subsequent performance EXCEPT?

Sex Signup and view all the answers

A college basketball player steps to the free throw line and imagines setting up, shooting, sinking the free throw, and what the crowd reaction will be before actually taking the shot. What is this athlete engaging in?

Mental imagery Signup and view all the answers

Any high school wrestler who achieves 100 wins in his career has his name and picture placed on the wall of the gym. This is an example of?

Positive reinforcement Signup and view all the answers

A gymnast has a desire to perform to the best of her potential. This is an example of?

Intrinsic motivation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors appear to be responsible for the strength benefits from anabolic steroids?

Increased protein synthesis Signup and view all the answers

During medical screening by a physician, all of the following might suggest anabolic steroid use EXCEPT?

HDL Cholesterol level >50 mg/dl Signup and view all the answers

All of the following are functions of Human Growth Hormone EXCEPT?

Decreased uptake of amino acids Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a protein primarily produced in the kidney that stimulates new red blood cells?

Erythropoietin Signup and view all the answers

An athlete who is blood doping would likely experience a substantial increase in what lab values?

Hematocrit and Hemoglobin Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following have effects such as lipolysis and thermogenesis and have been found to increase lean mass and decrease stored fat?

Beta-Adrenergic Agonists Signup and view all the answers

Muscle uptake of creatine can be enhanced by pairing it with which of the following?

Carbohydrates Signup and view all the answers

Caffeine improves athletic performance by all of the following EXCEPT?

Decreased urine output Signup and view all the answers

All of the following are true regarding dietary supplements EXCEPT?

They may be advertised as food replacements Signup and view all the answers

The BEST way to assess the amount of fluid an athlete lost during a single workout is the?

Change in the athlete's weight observed on a balance scale Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a macronutrient?

Protein Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following will a female soccer player utilize the MOST during a game?

Carbohydrate Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the MOST important for tissue repair in the strength and power athlete?

Protein Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Muscle Anatomy and Physiology

Each muscle fiber is encased in connective tissue known as endomysium.
Muscle tension development is triggered by calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum binding to troponin.
The pectoralis major undergoes an eccentric contraction during the controlled downward phase of a bench press.
Myosin serves as the thick structural protein within the sarcomere.
Muscle fibers classified as Type I are small in diameter, have a slow contraction speed, and possess a high capillary density.

Cardiovascular System

Blood flows through the tricuspid valve after contraction of the right atrium.
The P-wave in an electrocardiogram represents atrial depolarization.
The QRS complex shows the electrical potential that depolarizes the ventricles.
Capillaries are the vessels responsible for the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and other substances between blood and tissues.
The sinoatrial (SA) node initiates normal rhythmic electrical impulses in the heart.

Neuromuscular Responses

The Golgi tendon organ detects tension in muscles like the biceps, reducing muscle activation reflexively.
Type I muscle fibers are advantageous for endurance activities, such as marathon running.

Training Effects and Performance

Adding intense stationary cycling to a resistance program can lead to compromised strength gains.
The heart's electrical impulse flows through the SA node, AV node, AV bundle, and then to Purkinje fibers.

Respiratory System

The internal intercostals are muscles engaged in expiration.
Inhaled air is distributed through the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and into the alveoli.

Energy Systems and Exercise

Heavy resistance exercises show no change in cardiac output.
A metabolic equivalent (MET) is defined as 3.5 ml of oxygen per kg of body weight per minute.
The phosphagen system primarily supplies ATP for short bursts of activity, like a 100-meter dash.
The oxidation of fats and proteins has the highest capacity for energy production.
Depleted muscle glycogen often limits an athlete's performance in prolonged events like marathons.

Hormonal Responses

Heavy resistance training leads to decreased mitochondrial density within muscle cells.
Growth hormone is secreted by the anterior pituitary and promotes the release of Insulin-Like Growth Factors from the liver.
Testosterone production in women occurs in the ovaries and adrenal gland.

Musculoskeletal System

The axial skeleton comprises the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum.
Shoulder movements during activities like tennis are coordinated by different muscle planes, such as abduction/transverse.
Muscle types and engagements vary, for example, during standing plantar flexion against resistance.

Strength and Conditioning Principles

To avoid injury during lifting, a slightly arched back posture is optimal.
Motor cortex activity increases when learning new movement techniques, suggesting neuroplastic adaptations.
Youth resistance training should focus on safety and is not recommended at high frequencies.

Nutrition and Supplements

Protein is crucial for tissue repair in strength and power athletes.
Caffeine enhances performance through increased energy levels, but not by decreasing urine output.
Beta-adrenergic agonists assist in fat loss and promote lean muscle gain.

Psychological Aspects of Performance

Somatic anxiety involves physical responses like muscle tension and increased heart rate during high-pressure situations.
Utilizing mental imagery can help athletes visualize successful performances, enhancing focus and confidence.

Special Populations

Female athletes, particularly in sports like basketball, are more susceptible to injuries, particularly to the ACL.
Resistance training in older adults should prioritize their medical history to ensure safe engagement in physical activities.

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Description

Prepare for the CSCS certification with these practice exam flashcards. Each card includes key terms and definitions to help you master muscle anatomy, physiology, and the mechanics of exercise. Ideal for anyone studying for the Certified Strength and Conditioning Specialist exam.