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Questions and Answers
Each muscle fiber is surrounded by a connective tissue called?
Each muscle fiber is surrounded by a connective tissue called?
Endomysium
What is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the myofibril, causing tension development in a muscle?
What is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the myofibril, causing tension development in a muscle?
Calcium ions that bind to troponin
What type of muscular contraction occurs in the pectoralis major during the slow, controlled, downward phase of a bench press?
What type of muscular contraction occurs in the pectoralis major during the slow, controlled, downward phase of a bench press?
Eccentric
What is the thick structural protein inside the sarcomere?
What is the thick structural protein inside the sarcomere?
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A muscle fiber that is small in diameter has a slow contraction speed, and a high capillary density would be classified as?
A muscle fiber that is small in diameter has a slow contraction speed, and a high capillary density would be classified as?
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Through which of the following valves does blood flow after contraction of the right atrium?
Through which of the following valves does blood flow after contraction of the right atrium?
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During a typical electrocardiogram, atrial depolarization is represented by?
During a typical electrocardiogram, atrial depolarization is represented by?
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While reading an ECG, electrical potential that depolarizes the ventricles is represented by?
While reading an ECG, electrical potential that depolarizes the ventricles is represented by?
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What blood vessel functions to exchange oxygen, fluid, nutrients, electrolytes, hormones, and other substances between the blood and the interstitial fluid in the various tissues of the body?
What blood vessel functions to exchange oxygen, fluid, nutrients, electrolytes, hormones, and other substances between the blood and the interstitial fluid in the various tissues of the body?
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Where are normal rhythmic electrical impulses initiated in the heart?
Where are normal rhythmic electrical impulses initiated in the heart?
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When performing a biceps curl, tension in the biceps brachii muscle increases. Which of the following structures detects and responds to the tension by reflexively reducing muscle activation?
When performing a biceps curl, tension in the biceps brachii muscle increases. Which of the following structures detects and responds to the tension by reflexively reducing muscle activation?
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An athlete training for a marathon would benefit from having a high concentration of which muscle fiber type?
An athlete training for a marathon would benefit from having a high concentration of which muscle fiber type?
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Which of the following best describes the effect of adding intense stationary cycling to a college football player's resistance training program?
Which of the following best describes the effect of adding intense stationary cycling to a college football player's resistance training program?
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Which of the following represents the correct transmission of the heart's electrical impulse?
Which of the following represents the correct transmission of the heart's electrical impulse?
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Which of the following represents a muscle of expiration?
Which of the following represents a muscle of expiration?
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Identify the correct path in which inhaled air is distributed to the lungs.
Identify the correct path in which inhaled air is distributed to the lungs.
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Heavy resistance exercise has what effect on cardiac output?
Heavy resistance exercise has what effect on cardiac output?
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What is the value of a metabolic equivalent (MET)?
What is the value of a metabolic equivalent (MET)?
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The phosphagen energy system would primarily supply ATP for which of the following activities?
The phosphagen energy system would primarily supply ATP for which of the following activities?
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Which of the following pathways/systems has the highest capacity for energy production?
Which of the following pathways/systems has the highest capacity for energy production?
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A male athlete fatigues during the running of a marathon. Which is the most probable factor that limited his performance in the race?
A male athlete fatigues during the running of a marathon. Which is the most probable factor that limited his performance in the race?
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Which of the following is the primary energy system at work when the body is at rest?
Which of the following is the primary energy system at work when the body is at rest?
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ATP used during the 400-m dash would be primarily supplied from what energy system?
ATP used during the 400-m dash would be primarily supplied from what energy system?
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Which of the following has the greatest influence on the energy system used for a given exercise?
Which of the following has the greatest influence on the energy system used for a given exercise?
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Which energy system results in the formation of the organic end product lactic acid?
Which energy system results in the formation of the organic end product lactic acid?
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A female weightlifter is only able to complete 8 repetitions of a 10 RM set of power cleans. Which of the following factors is the least likely to have contributed to her missed repetitions?
A female weightlifter is only able to complete 8 repetitions of a 10 RM set of power cleans. Which of the following factors is the least likely to have contributed to her missed repetitions?
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You decide to use interval training to stress the phosphagen energy system. What would be an appropriate work to rest period ratio?
You decide to use interval training to stress the phosphagen energy system. What would be an appropriate work to rest period ratio?
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Aerobic training added to the training of anaerobic athletes (Combination Training) can lead to all of the following EXCEPT?
Aerobic training added to the training of anaerobic athletes (Combination Training) can lead to all of the following EXCEPT?
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All of the following are physiological roles of growth hormone EXCEPT?
All of the following are physiological roles of growth hormone EXCEPT?
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Which of the following exercises would promote the highest increase in serum testosterone concentrations?
Which of the following exercises would promote the highest increase in serum testosterone concentrations?
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Growth hormone stimulates what organ to secrete Insulin-Like Growth Factors?
Growth hormone stimulates what organ to secrete Insulin-Like Growth Factors?
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Which of the following variables would promote the greatest increase in serum testosterone levels?
Which of the following variables would promote the greatest increase in serum testosterone levels?
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Growth hormone is secreted by which of the following?
Growth hormone is secreted by which of the following?
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Which of the following locations produce testosterone in women?
Which of the following locations produce testosterone in women?
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All of the following are important signal mechanisms for IGF release EXCEPT?
All of the following are important signal mechanisms for IGF release EXCEPT?
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Catecholamines act as all of the following EXCEPT?
Catecholamines act as all of the following EXCEPT?
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For women still having a menstrual cycle, which of the following hormones is higher than men at rest?
For women still having a menstrual cycle, which of the following hormones is higher than men at rest?
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The skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum are referred to as the?
The skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum are referred to as the?
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The sutures of the skull are an example of what type of joint?
The sutures of the skull are an example of what type of joint?
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When passing a basketball which muscles act as the agonist and antagonist?
When passing a basketball which muscles act as the agonist and antagonist?
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A lever in which the muscle force and resistive force act on opposite sides of the fulcrum is referred to as?
A lever in which the muscle force and resistive force act on opposite sides of the fulcrum is referred to as?
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A volleyball player is performing standing plantar flexion against resistance. Which of the following types of levers occurs at the ball of the foot during this exercise?
A volleyball player is performing standing plantar flexion against resistance. Which of the following types of levers occurs at the ball of the foot during this exercise?
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Punting a football requires flexion of the hip that occurs in which plane of action?
Punting a football requires flexion of the hip that occurs in which plane of action?
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Which of the following shoulder movements and planes of action are associated with a tennis backhand?
Which of the following shoulder movements and planes of action are associated with a tennis backhand?
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During freestyle swimming, which of the following muscles acts as a synergist to the deltoid with regards to upper arm movement?
During freestyle swimming, which of the following muscles acts as a synergist to the deltoid with regards to upper arm movement?
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Which of the following represents the equation for Power?
Which of the following represents the equation for Power?
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How much work is required to lift a 100 kg barbell 2 m for 5 repetitions?
How much work is required to lift a 100 kg barbell 2 m for 5 repetitions?
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If it takes 30 seconds to lift a 100 kg barbell 2 m for 6 repetitions, what is the power output?
If it takes 30 seconds to lift a 100 kg barbell 2 m for 6 repetitions, what is the power output?
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Which type of muscle arrangement is NOT matched with the correct muscle example?
Which type of muscle arrangement is NOT matched with the correct muscle example?
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All of the following are advantages of weight stack machines EXCEPT?
All of the following are advantages of weight stack machines EXCEPT?
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An athlete is utilizing a cycle ergometer and in order to increase the intensity she turns the knob which controls the brake pad. This type of resistance is referred to as?
An athlete is utilizing a cycle ergometer and in order to increase the intensity she turns the knob which controls the brake pad. This type of resistance is referred to as?
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The normal lumbar spine has what kind of curvature?
The normal lumbar spine has what kind of curvature?
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Of the following back postures during lifting, which has been found to be the best at avoiding injury?
Of the following back postures during lifting, which has been found to be the best at avoiding injury?
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Which of the following occurs as a result of heavy resistance training?
Which of the following occurs as a result of heavy resistance training?
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Which of the following would result in increased motor cortex activity?
Which of the following would result in increased motor cortex activity?
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A 13 year old boy is just beginning a resistance training program. At this stage, which type of adaptations will predominate?
A 13 year old boy is just beginning a resistance training program. At this stage, which type of adaptations will predominate?
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With regards to muscular hypertrophy, which fiber type shows the greatest increases in size?
With regards to muscular hypertrophy, which fiber type shows the greatest increases in size?
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All of the following are principles of training to increase bone strength EXCEPT?
All of the following are principles of training to increase bone strength EXCEPT?
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Which of the following cells are responsible for new bone formation?
Which of the following cells are responsible for new bone formation?
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Acute cardiovascular responses to anaerobic exercise result in all of the following EXCEPT?
Acute cardiovascular responses to anaerobic exercise result in all of the following EXCEPT?
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Which of the following is one of the most commonly measured adaptations to aerobic endurance training?
Which of the following is one of the most commonly measured adaptations to aerobic endurance training?
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Adaptations to aerobic endurance training include all of the following EXCEPT?
Adaptations to aerobic endurance training include all of the following EXCEPT?
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The pressure against the arterial walls when no blood is being forcefully ejected by the heart is referred to as?
The pressure against the arterial walls when no blood is being forcefully ejected by the heart is referred to as?
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During aerobic exercise, blood flow to the active muscles is?
During aerobic exercise, blood flow to the active muscles is?
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All of the following physiological changes occur with aerobic endurance training EXCEPT?
All of the following physiological changes occur with aerobic endurance training EXCEPT?
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A male cross country runner is suspected of suffering from overtraining. All of the following are markers of aerobic overtraining EXCEPT?
A male cross country runner is suspected of suffering from overtraining. All of the following are markers of aerobic overtraining EXCEPT?
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Which of the following adjustments occur during prolonged altitude exposure?
Which of the following adjustments occur during prolonged altitude exposure?
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Following detraining, a marathon runner will first notice a decline in maximal?
Following detraining, a marathon runner will first notice a decline in maximal?
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Which factor is primarily responsible for the significant improvements in strength of preadolescent boys and girls from resistance training?
Which factor is primarily responsible for the significant improvements in strength of preadolescent boys and girls from resistance training?
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Youth resistance training guidelines include all of the following EXCEPT?
Youth resistance training guidelines include all of the following EXCEPT?
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When comparing absolute strength between men and women, which of the following statements is true?
When comparing absolute strength between men and women, which of the following statements is true?
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An area of special emphasis when designing a resistance training program for women is?
An area of special emphasis when designing a resistance training program for women is?
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As a strength and conditioning professional, you should be aware that female basketball players are six times more likely than males to injure what body part?
As a strength and conditioning professional, you should be aware that female basketball players are six times more likely than males to injure what body part?
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In order to help prevent injuries in female athletes, it is important to stress which of the following?
In order to help prevent injuries in female athletes, it is important to stress which of the following?
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A 67 year old female was found to have a bone mineral density -1.5 standard deviations below the young adult mean and would like to begin a resistance training program. Based on her bone mineral density she would be classified as having?
A 67 year old female was found to have a bone mineral density -1.5 standard deviations below the young adult mean and would like to begin a resistance training program. Based on her bone mineral density she would be classified as having?
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All of the following show decreases with the normal aging process EXCEPT?
All of the following show decreases with the normal aging process EXCEPT?
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A 10 year old boy is beginning a resistance training program. All of the following are likely benefits EXCEPT?
A 10 year old boy is beginning a resistance training program. All of the following are likely benefits EXCEPT?
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You are designing a training program for a 70 year old female golfer. Which of the following should be evaluated first?
You are designing a training program for a 70 year old female golfer. Which of the following should be evaluated first?
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The ideal performance state includes all of the following EXCEPT?
The ideal performance state includes all of the following EXCEPT?
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A basketball player at the free throw line during a close game experiences tense muscles, an elevated heart rate, and the butterflies. Which type of anxiety do these physical symptoms indicate?
A basketball player at the free throw line during a close game experiences tense muscles, an elevated heart rate, and the butterflies. Which type of anxiety do these physical symptoms indicate?
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During a field goal attempt, the kicker blocks out the crowd noise and the opposing players to focus specifically on the task at hand; this is referred to as?
During a field goal attempt, the kicker blocks out the crowd noise and the opposing players to focus specifically on the task at hand; this is referred to as?
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The ability to effectively manage many environmental stimuli simultaneously refers to which dispositional style?
The ability to effectively manage many environmental stimuli simultaneously refers to which dispositional style?
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The women's soccer coach felt the team hustled especially hard at today's practice and announced that no wind sprints would be required at the end of practice. Which type of motivational phenomena does this relate to?
The women's soccer coach felt the team hustled especially hard at today's practice and announced that no wind sprints would be required at the end of practice. Which type of motivational phenomena does this relate to?
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All of the following factors affect optimal arousal and subsequent performance EXCEPT?
All of the following factors affect optimal arousal and subsequent performance EXCEPT?
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A college basketball player steps to the free throw line and imagines setting up, shooting, sinking the free throw, and what the crowd reaction will be before actually taking the shot. What is this athlete engaging in?
A college basketball player steps to the free throw line and imagines setting up, shooting, sinking the free throw, and what the crowd reaction will be before actually taking the shot. What is this athlete engaging in?
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Any high school wrestler who achieves 100 wins in his career has his name and picture placed on the wall of the gym. This is an example of?
Any high school wrestler who achieves 100 wins in his career has his name and picture placed on the wall of the gym. This is an example of?
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A gymnast has a desire to perform to the best of her potential. This is an example of?
A gymnast has a desire to perform to the best of her potential. This is an example of?
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Which of the following factors appear to be responsible for the strength benefits from anabolic steroids?
Which of the following factors appear to be responsible for the strength benefits from anabolic steroids?
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During medical screening by a physician, all of the following might suggest anabolic steroid use EXCEPT?
During medical screening by a physician, all of the following might suggest anabolic steroid use EXCEPT?
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All of the following are functions of Human Growth Hormone EXCEPT?
All of the following are functions of Human Growth Hormone EXCEPT?
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Which of the following is a protein primarily produced in the kidney that stimulates new red blood cells?
Which of the following is a protein primarily produced in the kidney that stimulates new red blood cells?
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An athlete who is blood doping would likely experience a substantial increase in what lab values?
An athlete who is blood doping would likely experience a substantial increase in what lab values?
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Which of the following have effects such as lipolysis and thermogenesis and have been found to increase lean mass and decrease stored fat?
Which of the following have effects such as lipolysis and thermogenesis and have been found to increase lean mass and decrease stored fat?
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Muscle uptake of creatine can be enhanced by pairing it with which of the following?
Muscle uptake of creatine can be enhanced by pairing it with which of the following?
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Caffeine improves athletic performance by all of the following EXCEPT?
Caffeine improves athletic performance by all of the following EXCEPT?
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All of the following are true regarding dietary supplements EXCEPT?
All of the following are true regarding dietary supplements EXCEPT?
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The BEST way to assess the amount of fluid an athlete lost during a single workout is the?
The BEST way to assess the amount of fluid an athlete lost during a single workout is the?
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Which of the following is a macronutrient?
Which of the following is a macronutrient?
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Which of the following will a female soccer player utilize the MOST during a game?
Which of the following will a female soccer player utilize the MOST during a game?
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Which of the following is the MOST important for tissue repair in the strength and power athlete?
Which of the following is the MOST important for tissue repair in the strength and power athlete?
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Study Notes
Muscle Anatomy and Physiology
- Each muscle fiber is encased in connective tissue known as endomysium.
- Muscle tension development is triggered by calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum binding to troponin.
- The pectoralis major undergoes an eccentric contraction during the controlled downward phase of a bench press.
- Myosin serves as the thick structural protein within the sarcomere.
- Muscle fibers classified as Type I are small in diameter, have a slow contraction speed, and possess a high capillary density.
Cardiovascular System
- Blood flows through the tricuspid valve after contraction of the right atrium.
- The P-wave in an electrocardiogram represents atrial depolarization.
- The QRS complex shows the electrical potential that depolarizes the ventricles.
- Capillaries are the vessels responsible for the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and other substances between blood and tissues.
- The sinoatrial (SA) node initiates normal rhythmic electrical impulses in the heart.
Neuromuscular Responses
- The Golgi tendon organ detects tension in muscles like the biceps, reducing muscle activation reflexively.
- Type I muscle fibers are advantageous for endurance activities, such as marathon running.
Training Effects and Performance
- Adding intense stationary cycling to a resistance program can lead to compromised strength gains.
- The heart's electrical impulse flows through the SA node, AV node, AV bundle, and then to Purkinje fibers.
Respiratory System
- The internal intercostals are muscles engaged in expiration.
- Inhaled air is distributed through the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and into the alveoli.
Energy Systems and Exercise
- Heavy resistance exercises show no change in cardiac output.
- A metabolic equivalent (MET) is defined as 3.5 ml of oxygen per kg of body weight per minute.
- The phosphagen system primarily supplies ATP for short bursts of activity, like a 100-meter dash.
- The oxidation of fats and proteins has the highest capacity for energy production.
- Depleted muscle glycogen often limits an athlete's performance in prolonged events like marathons.
Hormonal Responses
- Heavy resistance training leads to decreased mitochondrial density within muscle cells.
- Growth hormone is secreted by the anterior pituitary and promotes the release of Insulin-Like Growth Factors from the liver.
- Testosterone production in women occurs in the ovaries and adrenal gland.
Musculoskeletal System
- The axial skeleton comprises the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum.
- Shoulder movements during activities like tennis are coordinated by different muscle planes, such as abduction/transverse.
- Muscle types and engagements vary, for example, during standing plantar flexion against resistance.
Strength and Conditioning Principles
- To avoid injury during lifting, a slightly arched back posture is optimal.
- Motor cortex activity increases when learning new movement techniques, suggesting neuroplastic adaptations.
- Youth resistance training should focus on safety and is not recommended at high frequencies.
Nutrition and Supplements
- Protein is crucial for tissue repair in strength and power athletes.
- Caffeine enhances performance through increased energy levels, but not by decreasing urine output.
- Beta-adrenergic agonists assist in fat loss and promote lean muscle gain.
Psychological Aspects of Performance
- Somatic anxiety involves physical responses like muscle tension and increased heart rate during high-pressure situations.
- Utilizing mental imagery can help athletes visualize successful performances, enhancing focus and confidence.
Special Populations
- Female athletes, particularly in sports like basketball, are more susceptible to injuries, particularly to the ACL.
- Resistance training in older adults should prioritize their medical history to ensure safe engagement in physical activities.
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Description
Prepare for the CSCS certification with these practice exam flashcards. Each card includes key terms and definitions to help you master muscle anatomy, physiology, and the mechanics of exercise. Ideal for anyone studying for the Certified Strength and Conditioning Specialist exam.
