CSC204 Principles of Programming Languages Chapter 15-16
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Questions and Answers

What is the fundamental basis of the design of functional programming languages?

  • The Von Neumann architecture
  • Mathematical functions (correct)
  • Object-oriented programming
  • Imperative languages

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of functional programming languages?

  • They are more reliable
  • They are more readable
  • They have state
  • They have variables (correct)

What is a prominent area of application for Lisp?

  • Web development
  • Knowledge representation, machine learning, and speech modeling (correct)
  • Database processing
  • Financial modeling

Which of the following is an advantage of functional programming languages?

<p>They are more readable (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of imperative languages?

<p>They have variables and state (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a functional programming language?

<p>Java (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the design of Functional Programming Languages?

<p>To mimic mathematical functions to the greatest extent possible (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Functional Programming Languages, how is repetition typically specified?

<p>Through recursion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a mathematical function?

<p>A mapping of members of one set to another set (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between the computation process in Functional Programming Languages and imperative languages?

<p>The basic process of computation is fundamentally different (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of programming languages are Logic Programming Languages classified as?

<p>Declarative languages (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of recursion and conditional expressions in mathematical functions?

<p>To control the flow of the function (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of programs in Logic Programming Languages?

<p>They are collections of facts and rules (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of lambda expressions in mathematical functions?

<p>To define the mapping of the function (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a higher-order function?

<p>A function that takes functions as parameters or yields a function as its result (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a main application of Logic Programming Languages?

<p>Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMSs) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is function composition?

<p>A function that takes two functions as parameters and yields a function as its result (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the form of function composition?

<p>h = f ° g (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of function composition h = f ° g, given f(x) = x + 2 and g(x) = 3x?

<p>h(x) = 3x + 2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between mathematical functions and imperative programming languages?

<p>Mathematical functions use recursion, while imperative programming languages use iteration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Functional Programming Languages

  • Functional programming languages are based on mathematical functions, whereas imperative languages are based on the Von Neumann architecture.
  • Functional languages are argued to be more readable, reliable, and correct than imperative languages.
  • Common functional languages include Lisp, ML, Haskell, OCaml, and F#.
  • Functional languages do not have variables or state like imperative languages do.

Mathematical Functions

  • A mathematical function is a mapping of a domain set to a range set.
  • A function definition specifies the domain and range sets, along with the mapping.
  • Mathematical functions are evaluated using recursion and conditional expressions, unlike imperative languages which use sequencing and iterative repetition.
  • Mathematical functions always map a particular element of the domain to the same element of the range.

Lambda Expressions

  • A lambda expression specifies the parameter(s) and the mapping of a function.
  • Lambda expressions are applied to parameter(s) by placing the parameter(s) after the expression.
  • Example: (λ(x) x * x * x)(2) evaluates to 8.

Higher-Order Functions

  • A higher-order function takes functions as parameters or yields a function as its result, or both.
  • Function Composition is a common kind of higher-order function.
  • It takes two functions as parameters and yields a function whose value is the first actual parameter function applied to the result of the second.

Fundamentals of Functional Programming Languages

  • The objective of functional programming language design is to mimic mathematical functions.
  • Repetition is specified with recursion rather than iteration.
  • The basic process of computation is fundamentally different in a functional programming language than in an imperative language.
  • Variables are not necessary in functional programming languages, unlike imperative languages.

Logic Programming Languages

  • Logic programming expresses programs in the form of symbolic logic and uses a logical inferencing process to produce results.
  • Logic programming languages are declarative languages that state the specifications of the desired results rather than detailed procedures.
  • Programs in logic programming languages are collections of facts and rules.
  • Prolog is a main example of a logic programming language, with applications in Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMSs), Expert Systems, and Natural-Language Processing.

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Description

This quiz covers chapters 15 and 16 of CSC204, introducing functional and logic programming languages, including mathematical functions and fundamentals of functional programming languages.

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