Cryptorchidism in Veterinary Medicine

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What is the primary purpose of the gubernaculum during testicular descent?

To shrink the testicle

To produce sperm

To guide the testicle through the inguinal canal (correct)

To form the epididymis

Which structure develops from the cranial part of the gubernaculum?

Proper ligament of the testis (correct)

Ligament of the tail of the epididymis

Ductus deferens

Scrotal ligament

What happens to the gubernaculum after the testicle passes into the inguinal canal?

It shortens and dilates

It grows larger

It regresses (correct)

It remains the same size

In which direction does the epididymis coil to form the ductus deferens?

Caudally Signup and view all the answers

What is the order of testicular descent in the retroperitoneal space?

Epididymis, gubernaculum, testis Signup and view all the answers

What is the final location of the testicle after testicular descent?

Scrotum Signup and view all the answers

What is a common mistake that can occur when dealing with an incompletely descended testicle?

Mistaking the epididymis for the testicle Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate percentage of cryptorchid testicles that are possibly heritable?

50-60% Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of hCG stimulation testing in diagnosing cryptorchidism?

To measure the level of testosterone in the blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of finding the gubernaculum when searching for a cryptorchid testicle?

It is usually attached to the epididymis and testicle Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended procedure to avoid misdiagnosis when dealing with a high flanker or inguinal testicle?

Palpate the scrotum and inguinal rings externally Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of determining if the horse has been castrated before?

To ensure the horse is not mistakenly diagnosed as cryptorchid Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of geldings may display continued aggression towards people?

5% Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of identifying the gubernaculum during the inguinal approach?

To feel for the internal extension of the gubernaculum testes Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of not closing the inguinal ring after opening it?

Evisceration Signup and view all the answers

Why is it essential to submit the testicle for histopathology if there is any doubt?

To rule out the presence of a tumor Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the lateral approach in castration?

It minimizes the risk of injury to the penis Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of applying light traction during the inguinal approach?

To bring up the testicle Signup and view all the answers

In which position is the incision made for the flank laparoscopic paramedian approach?

Between the umbilicus and scrotum, midway from the midline and inguinal region Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of sweeping for the testicle during the flank laparoscopic paramedian approach?

To ensure the testicle is not ectopic Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to double ligate the spermatic cord during the flank laparoscopic paramedian approach?

To ensure the testicle is properly removed Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference in the surgical approach for larger ruminants compared to smaller ones?

The flank laparotomy/laparoscopy is used instead of the flank laparoscopic paramedian approach Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the short spermatic cord in porcine cryptorchids?

It allows for easier ligation of the ductus deferens Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step of the Jan Hawkins Parainguinal Approach?

Make the approach to the external inguinal ring Signup and view all the answers

In the Parainguinal Approach, what usually meets the fingers when 'sweeping the ring'?

Gubernaculum Signup and view all the answers

Which approach allows for easier closure and avoidance of vessels/nerve in the inguinal ring?

Parainguinal Approach Signup and view all the answers

Why is standing preferable for the Parainguinal Approach over recumbent when it comes to cost?

Standing reduces the number of personnel needed Signup and view all the answers

Which other approach requires incision lateral to the ventral midline and through the rectus abdominis sheaths and muscle?

Suprapubic paramedian approach Signup and view all the answers

Why is it emphasized to palpate before removing a down testicle in animals?

To confirm the testicle's position Signup and view all the answers