29 Questions
What is the primary purpose of the gubernaculum during testicular descent?
To guide the testicle through the inguinal canal
Which structure develops from the cranial part of the gubernaculum?
Proper ligament of the testis
What happens to the gubernaculum after the testicle passes into the inguinal canal?
It regresses
In which direction does the epididymis coil to form the ductus deferens?
Caudally
What is the order of testicular descent in the retroperitoneal space?
Epididymis, gubernaculum, testis
What is the final location of the testicle after testicular descent?
Scrotum
What is a common mistake that can occur when dealing with an incompletely descended testicle?
Mistaking the epididymis for the testicle
What is the approximate percentage of cryptorchid testicles that are possibly heritable?
50-60%
What is the purpose of hCG stimulation testing in diagnosing cryptorchidism?
To measure the level of testosterone in the blood
What is the benefit of finding the gubernaculum when searching for a cryptorchid testicle?
It is usually attached to the epididymis and testicle
What is the recommended procedure to avoid misdiagnosis when dealing with a high flanker or inguinal testicle?
Palpate the scrotum and inguinal rings externally
What is the importance of determining if the horse has been castrated before?
To ensure the horse is not mistakenly diagnosed as cryptorchid
What percentage of geldings may display continued aggression towards people?
5%
What is the purpose of identifying the gubernaculum during the inguinal approach?
To feel for the internal extension of the gubernaculum testes
What is the consequence of not closing the inguinal ring after opening it?
Evisceration
Why is it essential to submit the testicle for histopathology if there is any doubt?
To rule out the presence of a tumor
What is the significance of the lateral approach in castration?
It minimizes the risk of injury to the penis
What is the purpose of applying light traction during the inguinal approach?
To bring up the testicle
In which position is the incision made for the flank laparoscopic paramedian approach?
Between the umbilicus and scrotum, midway from the midline and inguinal region
What is the purpose of sweeping for the testicle during the flank laparoscopic paramedian approach?
To ensure the testicle is not ectopic
Why is it important to double ligate the spermatic cord during the flank laparoscopic paramedian approach?
To ensure the testicle is properly removed
What is the difference in the surgical approach for larger ruminants compared to smaller ones?
The flank laparotomy/laparoscopy is used instead of the flank laparoscopic paramedian approach
What is the significance of the short spermatic cord in porcine cryptorchids?
It allows for easier ligation of the ductus deferens
What is the first step of the Jan Hawkins Parainguinal Approach?
Make the approach to the external inguinal ring
In the Parainguinal Approach, what usually meets the fingers when 'sweeping the ring'?
Gubernaculum
Which approach allows for easier closure and avoidance of vessels/nerve in the inguinal ring?
Parainguinal Approach
Why is standing preferable for the Parainguinal Approach over recumbent when it comes to cost?
Standing reduces the number of personnel needed
Which other approach requires incision lateral to the ventral midline and through the rectus abdominis sheaths and muscle?
Suprapubic paramedian approach
Why is it emphasized to palpate before removing a down testicle in animals?
To confirm the testicle's position
Test your knowledge on cryptorchidism, a condition of undescended testicles in animals, with a focus on anatomy, testicular descent, and surgical approaches in equine and ruminants veterinary practices.
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