Cryptorchidism in Veterinary Medicine
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of the gubernaculum during testicular descent?

  • To shrink the testicle
  • To produce sperm
  • To guide the testicle through the inguinal canal (correct)
  • To form the epididymis
  • Which structure develops from the cranial part of the gubernaculum?

  • Proper ligament of the testis (correct)
  • Ligament of the tail of the epididymis
  • Ductus deferens
  • Scrotal ligament
  • What happens to the gubernaculum after the testicle passes into the inguinal canal?

  • It shortens and dilates
  • It grows larger
  • It regresses (correct)
  • It remains the same size
  • In which direction does the epididymis coil to form the ductus deferens?

    <p>Caudally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the order of testicular descent in the retroperitoneal space?

    <p>Epididymis, gubernaculum, testis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final location of the testicle after testicular descent?

    <p>Scrotum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common mistake that can occur when dealing with an incompletely descended testicle?

    <p>Mistaking the epididymis for the testicle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate percentage of cryptorchid testicles that are possibly heritable?

    <p>50-60%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of hCG stimulation testing in diagnosing cryptorchidism?

    <p>To measure the level of testosterone in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of finding the gubernaculum when searching for a cryptorchid testicle?

    <p>It is usually attached to the epididymis and testicle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended procedure to avoid misdiagnosis when dealing with a high flanker or inguinal testicle?

    <p>Palpate the scrotum and inguinal rings externally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of determining if the horse has been castrated before?

    <p>To ensure the horse is not mistakenly diagnosed as cryptorchid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of geldings may display continued aggression towards people?

    <p>5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of identifying the gubernaculum during the inguinal approach?

    <p>To feel for the internal extension of the gubernaculum testes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of not closing the inguinal ring after opening it?

    <p>Evisceration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it essential to submit the testicle for histopathology if there is any doubt?

    <p>To rule out the presence of a tumor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the lateral approach in castration?

    <p>It minimizes the risk of injury to the penis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of applying light traction during the inguinal approach?

    <p>To bring up the testicle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which position is the incision made for the flank laparoscopic paramedian approach?

    <p>Between the umbilicus and scrotum, midway from the midline and inguinal region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of sweeping for the testicle during the flank laparoscopic paramedian approach?

    <p>To ensure the testicle is not ectopic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to double ligate the spermatic cord during the flank laparoscopic paramedian approach?

    <p>To ensure the testicle is properly removed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference in the surgical approach for larger ruminants compared to smaller ones?

    <p>The flank laparotomy/laparoscopy is used instead of the flank laparoscopic paramedian approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the short spermatic cord in porcine cryptorchids?

    <p>It allows for easier ligation of the ductus deferens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step of the Jan Hawkins Parainguinal Approach?

    <p>Make the approach to the external inguinal ring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Parainguinal Approach, what usually meets the fingers when 'sweeping the ring'?

    <p>Gubernaculum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach allows for easier closure and avoidance of vessels/nerve in the inguinal ring?

    <p>Parainguinal Approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is standing preferable for the Parainguinal Approach over recumbent when it comes to cost?

    <p>Standing reduces the number of personnel needed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which other approach requires incision lateral to the ventral midline and through the rectus abdominis sheaths and muscle?

    <p>Suprapubic paramedian approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it emphasized to palpate before removing a down testicle in animals?

    <p>To confirm the testicle's position</p> Signup and view all the answers

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