Cruciferous Crops and IPM Strategies
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Questions and Answers

During which stage do semi-loopers cause the most significant damage to crops?

  • Pupal stage
  • Adult stage
  • Larval stage (correct)
  • Egg stage

    • Which of the following crops is most affected by the feeding of semi-loopers during their larval stage?

  • Rice
  • Tomatoes
  • Beans (correct)
  • Potatoes

    • What do semi-loopers primarily feed on during their destructive stage?

  • Leaves of plants (correct)
  • Roots of vegetables
  • Stems of plants
  • Flowers of crops

    • Which statement accurately reflects the impact of semi-loopers on agriculture?

    <p>They cause significant damage in the larval stage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What types of vegetables are commonly impacted by semi-loopers during their larval stage?

    <p>Beans and cabbage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the favorable environmental conditions for certain pests?

    <p>Warm and dry conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which temperature range is considered favorable for certain pest activities?

    <p>75-95°F (24-35°C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which management strategy involves altering the physical environment to control pests?

    <p>Flooding the stubbles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a method used to directly control adult grasshoppers?

    <p>Picking them directly from foliage at night</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In pest management, what does the term 'trimming the bunds' refer to?

    <p>Cutting back the borders of fields</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most destructive stage of the organism discussed?

    <p>Larval stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do larvae create that damages the plant?

    <p>Tunnels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the burrowing of larvae affect the plant's health?

    <p>It hinders photosynthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of the organism is least likely to cause harm to the plant?

    <p>Pupal stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a negative effect of the larval stage on photosynthesis?

    <p>Reduced sugar production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the causal agent of Cabbage Leaf Curl Virus?

    <p>Taphrina deformans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vector is associated with the transmission of Cabbage Leaf Curl Virus?

    <p>Whiteflies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a symptom of Cabbage Leaf Curl Virus?

    <p>Browning of stems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What environmental conditions favor the spread of Cabbage Leaf Curl Virus?

    <p>Warm and dry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What management strategy can be used to reduce the spread of Cabbage Leaf Curl Virus?

    <p>Using fire on weeding tools</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of the described plant condition?

    <p>Water-soaked spots covered with white mold</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What environmental conditions favor the development of the described plant disease?

    <p>Cool and moist conditions with humidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one management strategy for the plant condition described?

    <p>Application of Trichoderma spp.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What temperature range is considered ideal for the plant disease to develop?

    <p>55-77°F (13-25°C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms indicates a severe case of the described condition?

    <p>Wilting and death of the plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom associated with the described plant disease?

    <p>Dark lesions on stems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what environmental conditions does this plant disease thrive?

    <p>Cool, moist conditions with frequent rainfall or heavy dew</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following management strategies is recommended for this plant disease?

    <p>Rotate cruciferous crops</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which biofungicide is mentioned as useful in managing this disease?

    <p>Trichoderma spp.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What leaf symptom is commonly observed with this disease?

    <p>Leaf spots with dark centers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cruciferous Crops

    • Cruciferous crops, also known as brassicas, are vegetables from the Brassicaceae family.
    • They are characterized by their four-petaled flowers resembling a cross.
    • Common examples include broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, kale, Brussels sprouts, and collard greens.
    • These crops are nutritious, rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants.

    General IPM Strategies

    • Seed Selection: Choose healthy, disease-free, climate-adapted, high-yielding seeds. Use resistant varieties against arthropod pests and diseases.
    • Seedbed Solarization: Solarize seedbeds when possible to reduce pests.
    • Seedling Raising: Raise seedlings in plastic trays using sterile media like coco-peat.
    • Pest Control Measures: Cover seedbeds/seedling trays with nylon netting to prevent insect infestation. Treat seeds/seedlings with Trichoderma spp., Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Bacillus subtilis. Treat seedbeds/nursery floors with Beauveria bassiana to kill thrips. Treat fields with neem cake to control nematodes.
    • Crop Rotation: Rotate with non-cruciferous crops, especially cereals.
    • Trap Cropping: Use trap cropping.
    • Field Sanitation: Remove crop material immediately after harvesting to prevent pest buildup.
    • Intercropping: Practice intercropping.
    • Pheromone Traps: Use pheromone traps.
    • Microbial Pesticides: Use microbial pesticides like Bacillus thuringiensis, Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, NPVs, and others.
    • Botanical Pesticides: Use botanical pesticides.

    Cruciferous Pests

    • Cabbage Butterfly (Pieris brassicae): -Description: Larvae are velvety-green with a faint yellow dorsal stripe and spots. -Life Cycle: Egg, larva, pupa, adult. -Favorable conditions: Warm, moist conditions with abundant host plants like cabbage and broccoli. -Management strategies: Hand picking and mechanical destruction of caterpillars during the early stages of attack.

    • Diamond Back Moth (Plutella xylostella): -Description: Small, slender, grayish-brown moth with pronounced antennae. -Life Cycle: Egg, larva, pupa, adult. -Favorable conditions: Warm, dry conditions with abundant host plants such as cabbage and broccoli -Management strategies: Spray commercial formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis (1-2g/liter of water).

    • Flea Beetle (Phyllotreta cruciferae): -Description: Metallic grey, bluish-brown, or black beetles with large back legs for jumping. -Life Cycle: Egg, larva, pupa, adult. -Favorable conditions: Warm, sunny, and dry. -Management Strategies: Use chemical pesticides like malathion or cypermethrin (2-3 ml/liter of water).

    • Mustard Sawfly (Athalia lugens): -Description: Small orange-yellow insects with black markings on the body. -Life Cycle: Egg, larva, pupa, adult. -Favorable conditions: Warm, humid. -Management strategies: Collection and destruction of larvae in the morning and evening.

    Cruciferous Diseases

    • Club Root (Plasmodiophora brassicae): -Description: Stunted growth, purplish foliage, wilting. -Favorable Conditions: Cool, moist, acidic soils with pH below 6.5, and temperatures between 64-77°F (18-25°C). -Management strategies: Good crop rotations every seven years, practices to minimize soil spread, improve drainage.

    • Black Rot (Xanthomonas campestris pv campestris): -Description: Yellow V-shaped lesions on leaf margins, progression inward, leaf wilting, death. -Favorable Conditions: Warm, humid with temperatures between 75-85°F (24-29°C) and high humidity -Management strategies: Hot water seed treatment to reduce or eliminate seedborne pathogens.

    • Soft Rot (Pectobacterium carotovorum, Dickeya dadantii): Soft mushy tissue in stems and roots; foul odor due to decay. -Favorable Conditions: Warm, humid conditions with temperatures about 68°F (20°C) and frequent rainfall or heavy dew. -Management Strategies: Maintain good air circulation and remove infected plant debris. Apply biofungicides and fungicides as necessary.

    • Other Diseases: Other cruciferous diseases are described in the provided text. Details for specific diseases, such as downy mildew, white rust, gray mold, southern blight and others, are detailed in the pages.

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    Description

    This quiz covers important information about cruciferous crops, including their characteristics and nutritional benefits. Additionally, it discusses general Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies that help in cultivating these crops effectively. Test your knowledge on both topics now!

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