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Questions and Answers
What is the primary viral cause of croup in children?
What is the primary viral cause of croup in children?
- Parainfluenza virus (correct)
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
- Influenza virus
- Adenovirus
Which factor significantly increases a child's risk of croup?
Which factor significantly increases a child's risk of croup?
- Frequent hand washing
- Attending daycare regularly (correct)
- Being older than 5 years
- Exposure to household pets
Which symptom is most indicative of croup in infants and young children?
Which symptom is most indicative of croup in infants and young children?
- Abdominal pain
- Barking cough (correct)
- Rash
- High fever
During which seasons is the incidence of croup highest?
During which seasons is the incidence of croup highest?
What does the pathophysiology of croup primarily involve?
What does the pathophysiology of croup primarily involve?
Which virus is the most frequent causative agent of croup?
Which virus is the most frequent causative agent of croup?
What symptom is characteristically associated with the narrowing of the upper airway in croup?
What symptom is characteristically associated with the narrowing of the upper airway in croup?
What is one of the primary mechanisms that lead to respiratory distress in croup?
What is one of the primary mechanisms that lead to respiratory distress in croup?
What age group is at the highest risk for developing croup?
What age group is at the highest risk for developing croup?
How is croup primarily transmitted among individuals?
How is croup primarily transmitted among individuals?
What facilitates the increase in airway resistance in children with croup?
What facilitates the increase in airway resistance in children with croup?
Which of the following viruses is NOT commonly associated with croup?
Which of the following viruses is NOT commonly associated with croup?
What indicates increased work of breathing in a child suffering from croup?
What indicates increased work of breathing in a child suffering from croup?
Flashcards
Why are infants more susceptible to croup?
Why are infants more susceptible to croup?
The smaller diameter of an infant's airways makes them more prone to airway narrowing during croup, contributing to the characteristic barking cough and difficulty breathing.
What is the typical age range for croup?
What is the typical age range for croup?
Croup, a common respiratory infection, typically affects children between 6 months and 5 years old.
What is the most common cause of croup?
What is the most common cause of croup?
Parainfluenza virus is the most common culprit behind croup, although other respiratory viruses such as RSV and influenza may also play a role.
What's the hallmark symptom of croup?
What's the hallmark symptom of croup?
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How is croup spread?
How is croup spread?
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Name some viruses that cause croup.
Name some viruses that cause croup.
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Explain the pathophysiology of croup.
Explain the pathophysiology of croup.
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What are the main symptoms of croup?
What are the main symptoms of croup?
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How does inflammation contribute to airway obstruction in croup?
How does inflammation contribute to airway obstruction in croup?
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Why are children more prone to croup than adults?
Why are children more prone to croup than adults?
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How is croup transmitted?
How is croup transmitted?
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What age group is most at risk for croup?
What age group is most at risk for croup?
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Study Notes
Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis)
- Most Likely Cause: Viral infection, primarily Parainfluenza virus, but other viruses like RSV, Influenza, Adenovirus, and COVID-19 can also cause croup.
Pathophysiology
- Infection and Inflammation: The virus infects the larynx, trachea, and bronchi, causing subglottic swelling and inflammation.
- Upper Airway Narrowing: This inflammation narrows the upper airway, particularly below the vocal cords.
- Characteristic Symptoms: The narrowing leads to a barking cough and stridor (a high-pitched wheezing sound during inspiration).
- Mucosal Edema and Secretions: Inflammation causes swelling (edema) of the mucosal lining and thick mucus production further obstructing the airway.
- Airflow Obstruction: The reduced airway diameter in children, especially the subglottic region, increases the risk of obstruction compared to adults. This blockage leads to increased respiratory work and potential distress. This obstruction can cause retractions (visible pulling of the chest wall) and prolonged inspiration.
Disease Transmission
- Respiratory Droplets: Croup is spread via respiratory droplets produced during coughing, sneezing, or through direct contact with contaminated surfaces. Airborne transmission is also possible when viral particles become aerosolized.
Risk Factors
- Age: Most common in children aged 6 months to 5 years, due to their smaller airways.
- Seasonality: More prevalent during fall and early winter due to increased viral respiratory infections.
- Exposure: Daycare, crowded settings, and exposure to sick individuals increase the risk of exposure to respiratory viruses.
- Pre-existing Conditions: Children with a history of upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) or pre-existing respiratory conditions might have a higher risk.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the pathophysiology of croup, including its causes, symptoms, and the physiological changes that occur during infection. This quiz explores how viral infections lead to airway obstruction and associated complications, specifically in children.
