Croup in Children

Croup

• Inflammation of the larynx and trachea caused by viruses
• Typically occurs in children between 6 months and 3 years old
• Usually self-limiting and lasts for a short period of time
• Peaks in spring and autumn, and worsens at night
• Croup can appear suddenly after a cold or without any prior symptoms
• Symptoms can include a barking cough, mild fever, runny nose, sore throat, stridor, and respiratory distress

Signs and symptoms of Croup

• Cough: A harsh, barking cough
• Mild fever: May be present, along with other symptoms of a cold
• Stridor: A high-pitched, whistling sound heard during breathing, particularly when inhaling
• Respiratory distress: Increased breathing rate, labored breathing, nasal flaring, grunting, and use of accessory muscles

Management of Croup

• Maintain the child in an upright, comfortable position
• Avoid any interventions that might distress the child, such as nebulization or examining the ear, nose, and throat
• Hospital admission is required if the child experiences any of the following:
  • Moderate to severe croup
  • A breathing rate exceeding 40 breaths per minute
  • Signs of respiratory distress, such as stridor, retractions, and cyanosis
  • Difficulty breathing
  • Inability to drink fluids
  • Poor general condition

Croup Assessment

• Monitor hydration levels by checking skin turgor, capillary refill, and urine output
• Be aware of potential complications, such as airway obstruction
• Provide comfort and reassurance to the child and their family
• Seek immediate medical attention if the child's condition worsens or they experience any concerning symptoms.