Questions and Answers
What type of exercise is primarily characterized by short, intense bursts of energy without an increased oxygen demand?
Which of the following types of exercises primarily focuses on enhancing the range of motion of the muscles and joints?
What is a key characteristic of isometric exercise?
Which psychosocial benefit of exercise is associated with the release of endorphins?
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What type of exercise typically requires additional effort to return to the starting position?
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Which of the following is NOT considered a strength training exercise?
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How can regular exercise enhance self-concept among individuals, particularly youngsters?
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In the Gate Control Theory of Pain, what role do peripheral nerve fibers play?
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Which of the following is a common outcome of aerobic exercise on cognitive processes?
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Which exercise type is typically associated with static forms of strength training?
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Study Notes
General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
- Stages of GAS: Alarm, Resistance, Exhaustion.
- Alarm Stage: Body mobilizes to respond to stressor; releases glucocorticoids and adrenaline, leading to increased blood pressure and heart rate.
- Resistance Stage: Attempts to cope with stress; uses parasympathetic nervous system if stressor subsides.
- Exhaustion Stage: Occurs after prolonged stress; body becomes depleted and vulnerable to health issues.
Criticism of GAS
- Psychological factors play a limited role.
- Assumes uniform responses to all types of stress.
- Evaluates stress only as an outcome rather than a multifaceted experience.
Physiology of Stress
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Sympathetic-adrenomedullary System Activation:
- Involves cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, sympathetic nervous system, medulla of adrenal glands.
- Releases catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine); increases heart rate, blood pressure, sweating, and immune modulation.
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HPA Axis Activation:
- Initiated by hypothalamus releasing corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF).
- Stimulates anterior pituitary to release adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).
- Leads to adrenal cortex producing glucocorticoids (cortisol); conserves carbohydrates, reduces inflammation.
Types of Physical Activity
- Isotonic Exercise: Muscle contraction with joint movement (e.g., weight lifting, push-ups).
- Aerobic Exercise: Sustained oxygen consumption (e.g., running, swimming).
- Anaerobic Exercise: Short, intense energy bursts (e.g., sprinting).
- Flexibility Exercises: Enhance range of motion (e.g., stretching).
- Strength Training: Improves muscle strength (e.g., weightlifting).
- Isometric Exercise: Muscle contraction against immovable objects (e.g., planks).
- Isokinetic Exercise: Requires additional effort to return to starting position (e.g., rehabilitation machines).
Impact of Continuous Stress
- Burnout: Emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment resulting from continuous work-related stress.
Psychosocial Benefits of Exercise
- Reduces stress and anxiety.
- Enhances cognitive processes and memory.
- Improves self-concept, especially among young individuals.
- Boosts mood through endorphin release.
- Facilitates social interaction through group activities and team sports.
Gate Control Theory of Pain (GCT)
- Proposes a neural gate in the spinal cord regulates pain perception based on inputs from peripheral nerve fibers.
- Criticism: Limited in explaining chronic pain and emotions' influence on pain perception.
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Description
This quiz explores the criticism surrounding Hans Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome, particularly focusing on the stage when the body is most depleted and vulnerable due to prolonged stress. It examines the limitations regarding psychological factors and the uniformity of stress responses. Challenge your understanding of stress and its health implications.
