Critical Thinking: Validity, Soundness, Deduction and Induction Quiz

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Which type of argument is considered valid only if it is impossible for the premises to be true and the conclusion false at the same time?

Deductive argument (correct)

Sound argument

Inference to the Best Explanation

Inductive argument

In the argument 'All men are immortal; Obama is a man; THEREFORE: Obama is mortal,' what type of argument is being presented?

Sound

Inductive

Invalid (correct)

Valid

What does it mean if an argument is sound?

It aims at soundness

It is valid and has true premises (correct)

It provides certain knowledge

It is based on strong inductive reasoning

In the context of Descartes' Meditation 1, what is the main reason provided for withholding assent from beliefs?

Foundations of beliefs are uncertain Signup and view all the answers

What style of argument involves presupposing the truth of something you are trying to prove to be true?

Begging the Question Signup and view all the answers

Which type of argument provides probabilistic knowledge by moving from specifics to generalities?

Induction Signup and view all the answers

According to physicalists, what happens when there is deterioration of the brain?

Mental capacity deteriorates as well Signup and view all the answers

In the Type/Token distinction within functionalism, what does 'type' refer to?

A class of things Signup and view all the answers

What is the Multiple Realizability Argument used to challenge?

The idea that pain is identical to C4 fiber firings Signup and view all the answers

According to eliminativism, what is considered invalid and illusory?

Witches Signup and view all the answers

'Pain = C4 fiber firings' is associated with which theory?

Mind/Body Identity Theory Signup and view all the answers

What do substance dualists argue regarding the mind and brain connection?

The mind remains intact, only the brain's communication lines are damaged Signup and view all the answers

According to Descartes' Evil Demon Argument, why should one withhold assent from all beliefs?

Because there could be a malevolent demon deceiving them into false beliefs Signup and view all the answers

What is the main concept behind Descartes' Cogito argument?

The certainty of one's own existence based on thinking Signup and view all the answers

In Descartes' Proof of God, what is the significance of having an idea of a benevolent and omnipotent God?

It proves that God exists necessarily Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates substances from modes in Descartes' philosophy?

Substances exist independently of other things, while modes are properties that cannot exist independently Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between Formal Reality and Objective Reality according to Descartes?

Formal Reality pertains to ideas while Objective Reality pertains to substances Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason Descartes introduces the Cartesian Circle in his philosophy?

To illustrate a logical problem in his reasoning process Signup and view all the answers

According to Descartes' Divisibility Argument for Mind/Body Dualism, what would be true if the mind and body were identical?

The divisibility of the body would imply divisibility of the mind Signup and view all the answers

'Princess Elizabeth’s Objection to Cartesian Dualism' challenges Descartes on what specific point?

The immateriality of the mind's ability to cause physical movements Signup and view all the answers

'Meditation 5: The essence of bodies according to Descartes' mainly focuses on which aspect of bodies?

Their mathematical nature and quantifiable properties Signup and view all the answers