22 Questions
According to substance dualists, what is the relationship between brain damage and mental capacity?
The mind remains intact despite brain damage.
Which theory aligns with the concept that pain can be correlated with specific brain states?
Mind/Body Identity Theory
What does Functionalism propose about the Type/Token Distinction?
Type refers to specific instances of things.
Which argument suggests that pain is not identical to C4 fiber firings?
The Multiple Realizability Argument
How does Eliminativism differ from Reductivism?
Eliminativism asserts that constructs like witches are just illusions.
In the debate between physicalism and substance dualism, what does presently-available data tend to support?
Physicalism is more likely to be true than substance dualism.
According to Descartes' Dream Argument, which of the following is a valid reason to withhold assent from all beliefs?
We could be unknowingly dreaming right now.
What is the main premise of Descartes' Evil Demon Argument?
An all-powerful, malevolent demon could be tricking us into believing mathematical truths and the existence of bodies.
What is the conclusion of Descartes' Cogito argument?
I think, therefore I am a thinking thing.
What is the objective reality of an idea, according to Descartes?
The kind of reality an idea has in virtue of what it's about.
What is the essence or attribute of the mind, according to Descartes?
Its ability to think and doubt.
What is the essence of bodies, according to Descartes?
Their mathematical properties, such as quantities, shapes, and positions.
What is the Cartesian Circle, and why is it problematic?
It is the circular reasoning Descartes uses to prove God's existence and the reliability of clear and distinct perceptions.
What is the essence of Descartes' interactive mind/body dualism?
The mind and body are separate substances that causally interact.
What is the main premise of Descartes' Divisibility Argument for mind/body dualism?
The body is divisible, but the mind is not.
What is Princess Elizabeth's objection to Cartesian dualism?
How can an immaterial mind causally interact with a material body?
What is the key condition for an argument to be valid?
It is impossible for the premises to be true and the conclusion false at the same time
In the given example, which type of argument is the one with "All men are mortal, Obama is a man, therefore Obama is mortal"?
Valid
Which type of reasoning process aims at providing certain knowledge and focuses on the validity of arguments?
Deduction
According to Descartes' Dream Argument, what is the reason for withholding assent from all beliefs?
All of the above
Which fallacy is committed when the truth of something is presupposed in an attempt to prove it?
Begging the question
In the context of arguments, what does it mean for an argument to be 'cogent'?
The argument is inductively strong and has plausible premises
Prepare for your first exam with this quiz that covers critical thinking concepts such as validity (an argument is valid if it is impossible for the premises to be true and the conclusion false), soundness (an argument that is both valid and has true premises), and the difference between deduction (from generalities to specifics) and induction (from specifics to generalities). Test your understanding now!
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