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Questions and Answers
Fully reflective reasoning is pretty much the same as:
What is the difference between deductive reasoning and inductive reasoning?
Deductive reasoning leads to a certain conclusion given true premises, while inductive reasoning provides probable support for a conclusion.
What are the two types of informal reasoning?
Heuristics and dialectical thinking.
Define quasi-reflective judgment and provide an example.
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Name two barriers to reasoning logically and how might you overcome them?
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Define pre-reflective judgment and give an example.
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What is an algorithm and provide an example?
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Discuss the differences between the book's definition of thought and the definition of thought provided in class.
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Provide the definitions of both heuristics and dialectical reasoning.
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Give one example of both deductive reasoning and inductive reasoning.
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Study Notes
Reflective Reasoning
- Fully reflective reasoning equates to critical thinking.
Types of Reasoning
- Deductive reasoning leads to a necessarily true conclusion when premises are true.
- Inductive reasoning allows for conclusions that may be true but are not guaranteed to be correct.
- Informal problem-solving utilizes heuristics and dialectical thinking.
Quasi-Reflective Judgment
- Quasi-reflective judgment acknowledges uncertainty in finding a singular correct answer, suggesting all perspectives are valid.
- Example: Views on spanking vary by individual belief, indicating different "correct" answers based on personal perspective.
Barriers to Logical Reasoning
- Hindsight bias and confirmation bias can obstruct logical reasoning.
- Overcoming these barriers involves consulting diverse information sources, exercising critical thinking, and avoiding assumptions about knowledge.
Pre-Reflective Judgment
- Pre-reflective judgment assumes a correct answer exists and can be discovered through sensory perception or authority.
- Example: Belief that spanking is the best discipline method based on traditional teachings rather than personal evaluation.
Problem-Solving Strategies
- An algorithm is a structured method to solve a problem, ensuring a solution regardless of user’s understanding.
- Example: Steps for completing long division.
Definitions of Thought
- The book presents thought as mental manipulation of internal representations (objects, activities, situations).
- Class definition characterizes thought as intraverbal behavior, emphasizing its behavioral aspect.
Heuristics and Dialectical Reasoning
- Heuristics are rules of thumb guiding actions or problem-solving without ensuring the best outcome.
- Dialectical reasoning evaluates opposing ideas to determine optimal solutions or reconcile differences.
Examples of Reasoning
- Deductive reasoning example: “I like fruit. Papayas are fruit. Therefore, I like papayas.”
- Inductive reasoning example: “I like fruit. Papayas are liked by many. Therefore, I probably like papayas.”
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Description
This quiz explores the concepts of reflective reasoning, types of reasoning, and barriers to logical reasoning. You'll delve into topics such as deductive and inductive reasoning, quasi-reflective judgment, and how biases can affect critical thinking. Test your understanding of these fundamental ideas in reasoning and judgment.
