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Questions and Answers
What is the primary role of critical care nurses in caring for patients and their family members?
What is the primary role of critical care nurses in caring for patients and their family members?
Which of the following defines a critically ill patient?
Which of the following defines a critically ill patient?
What is the primary goal of high dependency care?
What is the primary goal of high dependency care?
What is the purpose of the A, B, C, D, E model in critical care?
What is the purpose of the A, B, C, D, E model in critical care?
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What is a critical care nurse's role in patient education?
What is a critical care nurse's role in patient education?
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What is synergy in the context of critical care nursing?
What is synergy in the context of critical care nursing?
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What is the primary focus of critical care nursing?
What is the primary focus of critical care nursing?
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What is the purpose of the classification of critical care levels?
What is the purpose of the classification of critical care levels?
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What is the primary task of critical care nurses in the primary domain?
What is the primary task of critical care nurses in the primary domain?
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What influences an individual's response to critical illness?
What influences an individual's response to critical illness?
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Study Notes
Critical Care Nursing
- Critical care nurses assume an advocacy role in caring for patients and their family members who have life-threatening illnesses and problems.
- Critically ill patients are those who are at high risk for actual or potential life-threatening health problems.
Definition of Critical
- Crucial: requiring immediate action
- Crisis: a situation that requires immediate attention
- Emergency: a sudden and serious situation
- Serious: life-threatening or potentially life-threatening
- Requiring immediate action: prompt attention is necessary
- Thorough and constant observation: close monitoring is necessary
- Total dependent: the patient is completely dependent on others for care
Classification of Critical Care
- Level 0: normal ward care
- Level 1: at risk of deteriorating, support from critical care team
- Level 2: more observation or intervention, single failing organ or post-operative care
- Level 3: advanced respiratory support or basic respiratory support, multi-organ failure
High Dependency Care
- Coronary care units (CCU)
- Renal high dependency unit (HDU)
- Post-operative recovery room
- Accident and emergency departments (A&E)
- Intensive care units (ICU)
Principles of Critical Care
- Continuous monitoring and treatment
- High intensity therapies and interventions
- Expert surveillance and efficiency
- Alert to early manifestation of other organ failure
- Recognition of parameters denoting progress or deteriorating
Roles of Critical Care Nurse
- Care provider: helps the client to obtain necessary care and supports basic needs
- Educator: based on patient's needs and severity of the condition
- Manager: coordinates the care provided by various healthcare professionals
- Advocate: protects the patient's rights
- Constant and rapid assessment: close monitoring and responding to treatment
- Providing appropriate nursing interventions
- Documenting and reporting
- Observing mental state of family
A, B, C, D, E Models
- Airway: patent
- Breathing: respiratory rate
- Circulation: pallor, hemorrhage
- Disability: altered conscious level
- Expose to examine: unseen hemorrhage, wound leakage
Immediate Care
- Administer oxygen via face mask
- Maintain client safety
- Maintain fluid replacement
- Monitor cardiac instability
- Monitor urine output hourly
- Arterial blood gas analysis
- Referral to Critical Care
Investigations
- Haematology
- Biochemistry
- X-ray
Subsequent Care
- Monitor continuously
- Position: upright
- Conscious level
- Intravenous therapy
- Medication: analgesia and antibiotics
- Nil by mouth
- Blood sugar levels
- Oral and tube feeding
- Document client's response
Factors Influencing Individual Response to Critical Illness
- Age and development stage
- Experiences with illness and hospitalization
- Family relationship and social support
- Other stressful experiences and coping mechanisms
- Personal philosophies about life, death, and spirituality
Cultural Considerations
- Beliefs about health and healing
- Personal space
- Touch preferences
- Social organization
- Role of family
Critical Care Nursing Tasks
Primary Domain
- Monitoring and assessment
- Reassessment, interpreting information, and problem-solving
- Evaluation of progress to outcomes
- Coordination of team activities and the plan of care
- Patient and family education
- Team skill development
Secondary Domain
- Cleaning the environment
- Care of the instrument/equipment
- Patient hygiene
- Drawing blood
- Active and passive exercise (patient)
Synergy
- The result of the efforts of two or more parties working together that is greater than that which each could produce if working separately.
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Description
A quiz on critical care nursing, covering the role of critical care nurses, characteristics of critically ill patients, and emergency care.
