Soc Lesson 18

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Questions and Answers

What is the main focus of sociobiologists in explaining crime and deviance?

Cultural norms

Social learning

Environmental factors

Genetic predispositions (correct)

What is one of the hypotheses of biological theories of crime?

Peer pressure

Poverty

Personality disorders

Low intelligence (correct)

What is the 'XYY' theory in biological theories of crime?

An extra Y chromosome in males leads to criminality (correct)

An extra X chromosome in females leads to criminality

A combination of XY chromosomes leads to criminality

A combination of XX chromosomes leads to criminality

What is a limitation of biological theories of crime?

They do not explain female criminals Signup and view all the answers

What do psychological theories of crime focus on?

Personality disorders Signup and view all the answers

What is a critique of biological theories of crime?

They do not explain most criminals Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of people with 'squarish, muscular' bodies according to biological theories of crime?

They are more prone to commit street crime Signup and view all the answers

What is an assumption of psychological theories of crime?

Deviant personalities are present in deviant people Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of psychological theories of crime?

They do not explain the role of childhood events Signup and view all the answers

What is a common thread among biological and psychological theories of crime?

They focus on individual aberrations Signup and view all the answers

What is a criticism of biological theories of crime?

They are too simplistic Signup and view all the answers

What is true about the relationship between childhood experiences and outcomes?

There is no unavoidable result from a childhood experience Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a violent crime?

Robbery Signup and view all the answers

Which type of crime is the most frequent?

Property crime Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a property crime?

Larceny-theft Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe nonviolent crimes committed by people in positions of authority?

White collar crime Signup and view all the answers

Who coined the term 'white-collar crime'?

Edwin Sutherland Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of corporate crime?

Embezzlement Signup and view all the answers

Why are white collar crimes often linked with commercial and government corruption?

Because they are committed by people in positions of authority Signup and view all the answers

What type of crime is often committed by the affluent classes?

White collar crime Signup and view all the answers

What is a particular type of white-collar crime?

Corporate crime Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Types of Crime

Juvenile crime: committed by people of younger age
Violent crime: most dangerous, includes crimes against people, such as robbery, aggravated assault, forcible rape, and homicide
Property crime: more frequent, includes burglary, larceny-theft, motor theft, and arson
White collar crime: nonviolent, committed by people in positions of authority or control, includes fraud, theft, and insider trading

Biological Theories of Crime and Deviance

Seek explanations for deviation within people, focusing on genetic predispositions
Hypotheses:
- Body type: "squarish, muscular" physique may lead to street crime
- Intelligence: low intelligence may lead to crime
- The "XYY" theory: an extra Y chromosome in males may lead to criminality
Criticisms: most people with these traits do not commit crimes, and the explanations do not apply to female criminals

Psychological Theories of Crime and Deviance

Focus on individual's aberrations, personality disorders, and subconscious motivations
Assume deviant personalities are present in deviant people, but no particular childhood event is always associated with deviation
No specific personality trait is linked to deviation

White Collar Crime

First described by Edwin Sutherland in 1949 as crimes committed by respectable and well-to-do individuals in their line of work
Examples: fraud, theft, and insider trading, as well as corporate crime and income tax evasion
Often linked to commercial and government corruption in countries like Pakistan

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Description

This quiz covers different types of crime, including juvenile, violent, property, and white collar crime, as well as biological theories of crime and deviance.