71 Questions
Which theory posits that people will operate on the basis of self-interest unless constrained?
Control Theory
What is the main premise of the Delinquent Subculture concept?
Explanation of youth crime
Which theory focuses on inadequate development or failure to progress to higher states in explaining criminal behavior?
Developmental Theory
What is the process of coming to be officially known as a 'criminal' referred to as?
Criminalization
According to which theory are structures of power and oppression considered the source of crime?
Critical Perspectives on Crime
What is an event involving a motivated offender, suitable target, and absence of controls called?
Criminal Event
What psychological classification describes people with traits of impulsivity, insensitivity, and a lack of guilt?
Antisocial Personality
Which school of criminology assumes that people are rational beings exercising free will in choosing criminal behavior?
Classical School of Criminology
What type of offender engages in antisocial behavior only in adolescence and inconsistently?
Adolescence-limited
Which term refers to a state of 'normlessness,' or a society with no rules?
Anomie
According to the Chivalry Hypothesis, why are crime rates lower for women and girls?
As people are less likely to view their behavior as criminal
'Behaviourism' in psychology is based on principles first developed by which psychologist?
B.F. Skinner
What does lifecourse theory connect to youth crime?
Family, friends, and school
According to Social-Capital Theory, what does weak social bonds result in?
Lack of social capital
What concept does Developmental Criminology borrow from lifecourse theory?
Pathways to delinquency
Which criminologist identified two main groups of offenders in childhood and adolescence?
Moffitt
What does Differential Opportunity Theory focus on?
Access to illegitimate means to success
In criminological terms, what does Differential Association refer to?
Learning criminal behavior through interactions with others who are delinquent
What is the term for a psychological classification of individuals with traits such as impulsivity, insensitivity to pain, and lack of guilt or remorse?
Antisocial Personality
Which psychological theory is based on the assumption of people being rational beings who exercise free will in choosing criminal behavior?
Classical School of Criminology
What does the term 'Anomie' refer to in criminology?
A state of normlessness
In psychology, what branch focuses on behavioral principles and patterns developed by B.F. Skinner?
Behaviourism
Which moral standard is based on nurturing attitudes of caring for the welfare and well-being of others?
Care Ethic
What does Delinquent Subculture seek to explain?
That delinquent behaviour is a "reaction formation" to the frustration of being a lower-class youth in a middle-class world
Which concept focuses on the movement of individuals from institutional settings to community programs?
Decarceration
What is the primary assumption of Control Theory?
Individuals operate based on self-interest unless constrained
Which perspective considers structures of power and oppression as the root cause of criminal behavior?
Critical Perspectives on Crime
What does Deconstruction focus on in cultural symbols and practices?
Interpretation of texts based on psychoanalytic theories
In criminology, what does Criminalization refer to?
'Coming to be officially known as a criminal'
What type of offenders did Moffitt identify in childhood and adolescence?
Lifecourse Persistent & Adolescent-Limited
Which theory focuses on explaining offender careers in relation to age?
Developmental Criminology
What does lifecourse theory connect to criminal behavior?
Transitions and Pathways
Which theory borrows the concept of pathways to delinquency from lifecourse theory?
Developmental Criminology
What concept refers to coming to be officially known as a 'criminal'?
Labeling Theory
'Antisocial Personalities' are characterized by traits of:
Impulsivity, Insensitivity, Lack of Guilt
What do individuals with Antisocial Personality traits lack?
Guilt and remorse
In criminological terms, what is the primary assumption of the Classical School of Criminology?
People exercise free will in choosing criminal behavior
Which theory posits that behavior is learned through reinforcement or punishment?
Social Learning Theory
What term refers to individuals who engage in antisocial behavior only inconsistently and primarily during adolescence?
Adolescence-limited Offenders
What does the Care Ethic in ethics and morality emphasize?
Nurturing and caring for others' well-being
'Androgynous' terms, such as 'gangs,' are assumed to refer to both males and females because they are:
Gender-specific
What does the concept of 'Deconstruction' primarily focus on?
Interpreting cultural symbols and practices
Which theory is associated with explaining criminal behaviors in youth based on inadequate development or failure to progress to higher stages?
Developmental Theory
What is the primary assumption of the Delinquent Subculture concept?
Youth crime is explained through a subcultural lens
In criminology, what does 'Decarceration' refer to?
Moving individuals from institutions to community facilities
'Critical Perspectives on Crime' theories focus on the idea that crime originates from:
Structures of power and oppression in society
'Differential Opportunity Theory' primarily focuses on:
Opportunities for crime within social structures
What does social-capital theory focus on in relation to criminal behavior?
Investments in institutional relationships
Which criminological concept emphasizes the role of weak social bonds in explaining crime?
Control theory
What is the focus of developmental criminology?
Explaining the impact of age on offender careers
Moffitt identified two main groups of offenders in childhood and adolescence. What are they known as?
Lifecourse persistent and adolescence-limited
What does lifecourse theory focus on when studying criminal behavior?
Transitions and pathways over time
In the context of youth crime, what does lifecourse theory seek to connect?
Family, friends, and school to criminal behavior
What type of offender engages in antisocial behavior only in adolescence and inconsistently?
Adolescence-limited offender
According to the Chivalry Hypothesis, why are crime rates lower for women and girls?
Women and girls are less likely to be viewed as criminals due to societal attitudes
What does the term 'Anomie' refer to in criminology?
State of normlessness
Which school of criminology assumes that people are rational beings exercising free will in choosing criminal behavior?
Classical School of Criminology
What does the Care Ethic in ethics and morality emphasize?
Fostering nurturing attitudes towards others' well-being
Which concept refers to coming to be officially known as a 'criminal'?
Criminalization
What is the primary assumption of the Delinquent Subculture concept?
Youth crime is explained by a subculture that supports delinquent values.
Which theory focuses on explaining offender careers in relation to age?
Developmental Theory
What does Differential Association refer to in criminological terms?
Behavior being learned through interactions with others who provide definitions favorable or unfavorable to law violation.
In criminological terms, what does 'Decarceration' refer to?
Moving individuals from institutional settings into community facilities and programs.
'Differential Opportunity Theory' primarily focuses on:
Explaining differential access to legitimate means for success or failure in achieving cultural goals.
'Deconstruction' primarily focuses on what aspect of cultural symbols and practices?
A method of interpreting cultural symbols and practices to reveal hidden meanings.
What does lifecourse theory focus on when studying criminal behavior in relation to age?
Transitions and pathways in the course of life
According to social-capital theory, what does a lack of social bonds result in?
Insufficient social capital
Which criminological concept aims to explain offender careers and their development with respect to age?
Developmental criminology
What is the primary focus of Moffitt's typology regarding offender behavior?
Changes in antisocial behavior across the lifecourse
What do lifecourse-persistent and adolescence-limited refer to in terms of offenders?
Patterns of antisocial behavior over time
What does lifecourse theory connect family, friends, and school to in the context of youth crime?
The accumulation of social capital
This quiz provides an overview of criminology theories such as Consensus Theory, Concept, and Control Theory. Test your knowledge on the fundamental assumptions and concepts related to criminal behavior and societal influences.
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