CRJS 370 Unit #2

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Which theory posits that people will operate on the basis of self-interest unless constrained?

Control Theory (correct)

Critical Perspectives on Crime

Consensus Theory

Developmental Theory

What is the main premise of the Delinquent Subculture concept?

States of development in explaining criminal behavior

Criminalization of individuals

Focus on structures of power and oppression

Explanation of youth crime (correct)

Which theory focuses on inadequate development or failure to progress to higher states in explaining criminal behavior?

Critical Perspectives on Crime

Differential Association

Differential Opportunity theory

Developmental Theory (correct)

What is the process of coming to be officially known as a 'criminal' referred to as?

Criminalization Signup and view all the answers

According to which theory are structures of power and oppression considered the source of crime?

Critical Perspectives on Crime Signup and view all the answers

What is an event involving a motivated offender, suitable target, and absence of controls called?

Criminal Event Signup and view all the answers

What psychological classification describes people with traits of impulsivity, insensitivity, and a lack of guilt?

Antisocial Personality Signup and view all the answers

Which school of criminology assumes that people are rational beings exercising free will in choosing criminal behavior?

Classical School of Criminology Signup and view all the answers

What type of offender engages in antisocial behavior only in adolescence and inconsistently?

Adolescence-limited Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to a state of 'normlessness,' or a society with no rules?

Anomie Signup and view all the answers

According to the Chivalry Hypothesis, why are crime rates lower for women and girls?

As people are less likely to view their behavior as criminal Signup and view all the answers

'Behaviourism' in psychology is based on principles first developed by which psychologist?

B.F. Skinner Signup and view all the answers

What does lifecourse theory connect to youth crime?

Family, friends, and school Signup and view all the answers

According to Social-Capital Theory, what does weak social bonds result in?

Lack of social capital Signup and view all the answers

What concept does Developmental Criminology borrow from lifecourse theory?

Pathways to delinquency Signup and view all the answers

Which criminologist identified two main groups of offenders in childhood and adolescence?

Moffitt Signup and view all the answers

What does Differential Opportunity Theory focus on?

Access to illegitimate means to success Signup and view all the answers

In criminological terms, what does Differential Association refer to?

Learning criminal behavior through interactions with others who are delinquent Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a psychological classification of individuals with traits such as impulsivity, insensitivity to pain, and lack of guilt or remorse?

Antisocial Personality Signup and view all the answers

Which psychological theory is based on the assumption of people being rational beings who exercise free will in choosing criminal behavior?

Classical School of Criminology Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Anomie' refer to in criminology?

A state of normlessness Signup and view all the answers

In psychology, what branch focuses on behavioral principles and patterns developed by B.F. Skinner?

Behaviourism Signup and view all the answers

Which moral standard is based on nurturing attitudes of caring for the welfare and well-being of others?

Care Ethic Signup and view all the answers

What does Delinquent Subculture seek to explain?

That delinquent behaviour is a "reaction formation" to the frustration of being a lower-class youth in a middle-class world Signup and view all the answers

Which concept focuses on the movement of individuals from institutional settings to community programs?

Decarceration Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary assumption of Control Theory?

Individuals operate based on self-interest unless constrained Signup and view all the answers

Which perspective considers structures of power and oppression as the root cause of criminal behavior?

Critical Perspectives on Crime Signup and view all the answers

What does Deconstruction focus on in cultural symbols and practices?

Interpretation of texts based on psychoanalytic theories Signup and view all the answers

In criminology, what does Criminalization refer to?

'Coming to be officially known as a criminal' Signup and view all the answers

What type of offenders did Moffitt identify in childhood and adolescence?

Lifecourse Persistent & Adolescent-Limited Signup and view all the answers

Which theory focuses on explaining offender careers in relation to age?

Developmental Criminology Signup and view all the answers

What does lifecourse theory connect to criminal behavior?

Transitions and Pathways Signup and view all the answers

Which theory borrows the concept of pathways to delinquency from lifecourse theory?

Developmental Criminology Signup and view all the answers

What concept refers to coming to be officially known as a 'criminal'?

Labeling Theory Signup and view all the answers

'Antisocial Personalities' are characterized by traits of:

Impulsivity, Insensitivity, Lack of Guilt Signup and view all the answers

What do individuals with Antisocial Personality traits lack?

Guilt and remorse Signup and view all the answers

In criminological terms, what is the primary assumption of the Classical School of Criminology?

People exercise free will in choosing criminal behavior Signup and view all the answers

Which theory posits that behavior is learned through reinforcement or punishment?

Social Learning Theory Signup and view all the answers

What term refers to individuals who engage in antisocial behavior only inconsistently and primarily during adolescence?

Adolescence-limited Offenders Signup and view all the answers

What does the Care Ethic in ethics and morality emphasize?

Nurturing and caring for others' well-being Signup and view all the answers

'Androgynous' terms, such as 'gangs,' are assumed to refer to both males and females because they are:

Gender-specific Signup and view all the answers

What does the concept of 'Deconstruction' primarily focus on?

Interpreting cultural symbols and practices Signup and view all the answers

Which theory is associated with explaining criminal behaviors in youth based on inadequate development or failure to progress to higher stages?

Developmental Theory Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary assumption of the Delinquent Subculture concept?

Youth crime is explained through a subcultural lens Signup and view all the answers

In criminology, what does 'Decarceration' refer to?

Moving individuals from institutions to community facilities Signup and view all the answers

'Critical Perspectives on Crime' theories focus on the idea that crime originates from:

Structures of power and oppression in society Signup and view all the answers

'Differential Opportunity Theory' primarily focuses on:

Opportunities for crime within social structures Signup and view all the answers

What does social-capital theory focus on in relation to criminal behavior?

Investments in institutional relationships Signup and view all the answers

Which criminological concept emphasizes the role of weak social bonds in explaining crime?

Control theory Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of developmental criminology?

Explaining the impact of age on offender careers Signup and view all the answers

Moffitt identified two main groups of offenders in childhood and adolescence. What are they known as?

Lifecourse persistent and adolescence-limited Signup and view all the answers

What does lifecourse theory focus on when studying criminal behavior?

Transitions and pathways over time Signup and view all the answers

In the context of youth crime, what does lifecourse theory seek to connect?

Family, friends, and school to criminal behavior Signup and view all the answers

What type of offender engages in antisocial behavior only in adolescence and inconsistently?

Adolescence-limited offender Signup and view all the answers

According to the Chivalry Hypothesis, why are crime rates lower for women and girls?

Women and girls are less likely to be viewed as criminals due to societal attitudes Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Anomie' refer to in criminology?

State of normlessness Signup and view all the answers

Which school of criminology assumes that people are rational beings exercising free will in choosing criminal behavior?

Classical School of Criminology Signup and view all the answers

What does the Care Ethic in ethics and morality emphasize?

Fostering nurturing attitudes towards others' well-being Signup and view all the answers

Which concept refers to coming to be officially known as a 'criminal'?

Criminalization Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary assumption of the Delinquent Subculture concept?

Youth crime is explained by a subculture that supports delinquent values. Signup and view all the answers

Which theory focuses on explaining offender careers in relation to age?

Developmental Theory Signup and view all the answers

What does Differential Association refer to in criminological terms?

Behavior being learned through interactions with others who provide definitions favorable or unfavorable to law violation. Signup and view all the answers

In criminological terms, what does 'Decarceration' refer to?

Moving individuals from institutional settings into community facilities and programs. Signup and view all the answers

'Differential Opportunity Theory' primarily focuses on:

Explaining differential access to legitimate means for success or failure in achieving cultural goals. Signup and view all the answers

'Deconstruction' primarily focuses on what aspect of cultural symbols and practices?

A method of interpreting cultural symbols and practices to reveal hidden meanings. Signup and view all the answers

What does lifecourse theory focus on when studying criminal behavior in relation to age?

Transitions and pathways in the course of life Signup and view all the answers

According to social-capital theory, what does a lack of social bonds result in?

Insufficient social capital Signup and view all the answers

Which criminological concept aims to explain offender careers and their development with respect to age?

Developmental criminology Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Moffitt's typology regarding offender behavior?

Changes in antisocial behavior across the lifecourse Signup and view all the answers

What do lifecourse-persistent and adolescence-limited refer to in terms of offenders?

Patterns of antisocial behavior over time Signup and view all the answers

What does lifecourse theory connect family, friends, and school to in the context of youth crime?

The accumulation of social capital Signup and view all the answers

CRJS 370 Unit #2

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Questions and Answers

Which theory posits that people will operate on the basis of self-interest unless constrained?

What is the main premise of the Delinquent Subculture concept?

Which theory focuses on inadequate development or failure to progress to higher states in explaining criminal behavior?

What is the process of coming to be officially known as a 'criminal' referred to as?

According to which theory are structures of power and oppression considered the source of crime?

What is an event involving a motivated offender, suitable target, and absence of controls called?

What psychological classification describes people with traits of impulsivity, insensitivity, and a lack of guilt?

Which school of criminology assumes that people are rational beings exercising free will in choosing criminal behavior?

What type of offender engages in antisocial behavior only in adolescence and inconsistently?

Which term refers to a state of 'normlessness,' or a society with no rules?

According to the Chivalry Hypothesis, why are crime rates lower for women and girls?

'Behaviourism' in psychology is based on principles first developed by which psychologist?

What does lifecourse theory connect to youth crime?

According to Social-Capital Theory, what does weak social bonds result in?

What concept does Developmental Criminology borrow from lifecourse theory?

Which criminologist identified two main groups of offenders in childhood and adolescence?

What does Differential Opportunity Theory focus on?

In criminological terms, what does Differential Association refer to?

What is the term for a psychological classification of individuals with traits such as impulsivity, insensitivity to pain, and lack of guilt or remorse?

Which psychological theory is based on the assumption of people being rational beings who exercise free will in choosing criminal behavior?

What does the term 'Anomie' refer to in criminology?

In psychology, what branch focuses on behavioral principles and patterns developed by B.F. Skinner?

Which moral standard is based on nurturing attitudes of caring for the welfare and well-being of others?

What does Delinquent Subculture seek to explain?

Which concept focuses on the movement of individuals from institutional settings to community programs?

What is the primary assumption of Control Theory?

Which perspective considers structures of power and oppression as the root cause of criminal behavior?

What does Deconstruction focus on in cultural symbols and practices?

In criminology, what does Criminalization refer to?

What type of offenders did Moffitt identify in childhood and adolescence?

Which theory focuses on explaining offender careers in relation to age?

What does lifecourse theory connect to criminal behavior?

Which theory borrows the concept of pathways to delinquency from lifecourse theory?

What concept refers to coming to be officially known as a 'criminal'?

'Antisocial Personalities' are characterized by traits of:

What do individuals with Antisocial Personality traits lack?

In criminological terms, what is the primary assumption of the Classical School of Criminology?

Which theory posits that behavior is learned through reinforcement or punishment?

What term refers to individuals who engage in antisocial behavior only inconsistently and primarily during adolescence?

What does the Care Ethic in ethics and morality emphasize?

'Androgynous' terms, such as 'gangs,' are assumed to refer to both males and females because they are:

What does the concept of 'Deconstruction' primarily focus on?

Which theory is associated with explaining criminal behaviors in youth based on inadequate development or failure to progress to higher stages?

What is the primary assumption of the Delinquent Subculture concept?

In criminology, what does 'Decarceration' refer to?

'Critical Perspectives on Crime' theories focus on the idea that crime originates from:

'Differential Opportunity Theory' primarily focuses on:

What does social-capital theory focus on in relation to criminal behavior?

Which criminological concept emphasizes the role of weak social bonds in explaining crime?

What is the focus of developmental criminology?

Moffitt identified two main groups of offenders in childhood and adolescence. What are they known as?

What does lifecourse theory focus on when studying criminal behavior?

In the context of youth crime, what does lifecourse theory seek to connect?

What type of offender engages in antisocial behavior only in adolescence and inconsistently?

According to the Chivalry Hypothesis, why are crime rates lower for women and girls?

What does the term 'Anomie' refer to in criminology?

Which school of criminology assumes that people are rational beings exercising free will in choosing criminal behavior?

What does the Care Ethic in ethics and morality emphasize?

Which concept refers to coming to be officially known as a 'criminal'?

What is the primary assumption of the Delinquent Subculture concept?

Which theory focuses on explaining offender careers in relation to age?

What does Differential Association refer to in criminological terms?

In criminological terms, what does 'Decarceration' refer to?

'Differential Opportunity Theory' primarily focuses on:

'Deconstruction' primarily focuses on what aspect of cultural symbols and practices?

What does lifecourse theory focus on when studying criminal behavior in relation to age?

According to social-capital theory, what does a lack of social bonds result in?

Which criminological concept aims to explain offender careers and their development with respect to age?

What is the primary focus of Moffitt's typology regarding offender behavior?

What do lifecourse-persistent and adolescence-limited refer to in terms of offenders?

What does lifecourse theory connect family, friends, and school to in the context of youth crime?

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