CRJS 370 Unit #2
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Questions and Answers

Which theory posits that people will operate on the basis of self-interest unless constrained?

  • Control Theory (correct)
  • Critical Perspectives on Crime
  • Consensus Theory
  • Developmental Theory

What is the main premise of the Delinquent Subculture concept?

  • States of development in explaining criminal behavior
  • Criminalization of individuals
  • Focus on structures of power and oppression
  • Explanation of youth crime (correct)

Which theory focuses on inadequate development or failure to progress to higher states in explaining criminal behavior?

  • Critical Perspectives on Crime
  • Differential Association
  • Differential Opportunity theory
  • Developmental Theory (correct)

What is the process of coming to be officially known as a 'criminal' referred to as?

<p>Criminalization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to which theory are structures of power and oppression considered the source of crime?

<p>Critical Perspectives on Crime (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an event involving a motivated offender, suitable target, and absence of controls called?

<p>Criminal Event (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What psychological classification describes people with traits of impulsivity, insensitivity, and a lack of guilt?

<p>Antisocial Personality (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which school of criminology assumes that people are rational beings exercising free will in choosing criminal behavior?

<p>Classical School of Criminology (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of offender engages in antisocial behavior only in adolescence and inconsistently?

<p>Adolescence-limited (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to a state of 'normlessness,' or a society with no rules?

<p>Anomie (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Chivalry Hypothesis, why are crime rates lower for women and girls?

<p>As people are less likely to view their behavior as criminal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Behaviourism' in psychology is based on principles first developed by which psychologist?

<p>B.F. Skinner (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does lifecourse theory connect to youth crime?

<p>Family, friends, and school (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Social-Capital Theory, what does weak social bonds result in?

<p>Lack of social capital (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concept does Developmental Criminology borrow from lifecourse theory?

<p>Pathways to delinquency (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which criminologist identified two main groups of offenders in childhood and adolescence?

<p>Moffitt (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Differential Opportunity Theory focus on?

<p>Access to illegitimate means to success (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In criminological terms, what does Differential Association refer to?

<p>Learning criminal behavior through interactions with others who are delinquent (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a psychological classification of individuals with traits such as impulsivity, insensitivity to pain, and lack of guilt or remorse?

<p>Antisocial Personality (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which psychological theory is based on the assumption of people being rational beings who exercise free will in choosing criminal behavior?

<p>Classical School of Criminology (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Anomie' refer to in criminology?

<p>A state of normlessness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In psychology, what branch focuses on behavioral principles and patterns developed by B.F. Skinner?

<p>Behaviourism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which moral standard is based on nurturing attitudes of caring for the welfare and well-being of others?

<p>Care Ethic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Delinquent Subculture seek to explain?

<p>That delinquent behaviour is a &quot;reaction formation&quot; to the frustration of being a lower-class youth in a middle-class world (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which concept focuses on the movement of individuals from institutional settings to community programs?

<p>Decarceration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary assumption of Control Theory?

<p>Individuals operate based on self-interest unless constrained (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which perspective considers structures of power and oppression as the root cause of criminal behavior?

<p>Critical Perspectives on Crime (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Deconstruction focus on in cultural symbols and practices?

<p>Interpretation of texts based on psychoanalytic theories (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In criminology, what does Criminalization refer to?

<p>'Coming to be officially known as a criminal' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of offenders did Moffitt identify in childhood and adolescence?

<p>Lifecourse Persistent &amp; Adolescent-Limited (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory focuses on explaining offender careers in relation to age?

<p>Developmental Criminology (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does lifecourse theory connect to criminal behavior?

<p>Transitions and Pathways (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory borrows the concept of pathways to delinquency from lifecourse theory?

<p>Developmental Criminology (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concept refers to coming to be officially known as a 'criminal'?

<p>Labeling Theory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Antisocial Personalities' are characterized by traits of:

<p>Impulsivity, Insensitivity, Lack of Guilt (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do individuals with Antisocial Personality traits lack?

<p>Guilt and remorse (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In criminological terms, what is the primary assumption of the Classical School of Criminology?

<p>People exercise free will in choosing criminal behavior (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory posits that behavior is learned through reinforcement or punishment?

<p>Social Learning Theory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term refers to individuals who engage in antisocial behavior only inconsistently and primarily during adolescence?

<p>Adolescence-limited Offenders (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Care Ethic in ethics and morality emphasize?

<p>Nurturing and caring for others' well-being (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Androgynous' terms, such as 'gangs,' are assumed to refer to both males and females because they are:

<p>Gender-specific (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the concept of 'Deconstruction' primarily focus on?

<p>Interpreting cultural symbols and practices (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory is associated with explaining criminal behaviors in youth based on inadequate development or failure to progress to higher stages?

<p>Developmental Theory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary assumption of the Delinquent Subculture concept?

<p>Youth crime is explained through a subcultural lens (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In criminology, what does 'Decarceration' refer to?

<p>Moving individuals from institutions to community facilities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Critical Perspectives on Crime' theories focus on the idea that crime originates from:

<p>Structures of power and oppression in society (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Differential Opportunity Theory' primarily focuses on:

<p>Opportunities for crime within social structures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does social-capital theory focus on in relation to criminal behavior?

<p>Investments in institutional relationships (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which criminological concept emphasizes the role of weak social bonds in explaining crime?

<p>Control theory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of developmental criminology?

<p>Explaining the impact of age on offender careers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Moffitt identified two main groups of offenders in childhood and adolescence. What are they known as?

<p>Lifecourse persistent and adolescence-limited (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does lifecourse theory focus on when studying criminal behavior?

<p>Transitions and pathways over time (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of youth crime, what does lifecourse theory seek to connect?

<p>Family, friends, and school to criminal behavior (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of offender engages in antisocial behavior only in adolescence and inconsistently?

<p>Adolescence-limited offender (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Chivalry Hypothesis, why are crime rates lower for women and girls?

<p>Women and girls are less likely to be viewed as criminals due to societal attitudes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Anomie' refer to in criminology?

<p>State of normlessness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which school of criminology assumes that people are rational beings exercising free will in choosing criminal behavior?

<p>Classical School of Criminology (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Care Ethic in ethics and morality emphasize?

<p>Fostering nurturing attitudes towards others' well-being (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which concept refers to coming to be officially known as a 'criminal'?

<p>Criminalization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary assumption of the Delinquent Subculture concept?

<p>Youth crime is explained by a subculture that supports delinquent values. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory focuses on explaining offender careers in relation to age?

<p>Developmental Theory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Differential Association refer to in criminological terms?

<p>Behavior being learned through interactions with others who provide definitions favorable or unfavorable to law violation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In criminological terms, what does 'Decarceration' refer to?

<p>Moving individuals from institutional settings into community facilities and programs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Differential Opportunity Theory' primarily focuses on:

<p>Explaining differential access to legitimate means for success or failure in achieving cultural goals. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Deconstruction' primarily focuses on what aspect of cultural symbols and practices?

<p>A method of interpreting cultural symbols and practices to reveal hidden meanings. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does lifecourse theory focus on when studying criminal behavior in relation to age?

<p>Transitions and pathways in the course of life (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to social-capital theory, what does a lack of social bonds result in?

<p>Insufficient social capital (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which criminological concept aims to explain offender careers and their development with respect to age?

<p>Developmental criminology (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Moffitt's typology regarding offender behavior?

<p>Changes in antisocial behavior across the lifecourse (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do lifecourse-persistent and adolescence-limited refer to in terms of offenders?

<p>Patterns of antisocial behavior over time (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does lifecourse theory connect family, friends, and school to in the context of youth crime?

<p>The accumulation of social capital (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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