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Questions and Answers
What are the elements of a Suitable Target?
What are the elements of a Suitable Target?
- Value, Independence, Visibility, Accessible
- Value, Infinity, Vincibility, Accessory
- Value, Inertia, Visibility, Accessibility (correct)
- Value, Inertia, Visibility, Absence
What is the element associated with Melancholic?
What is the element associated with Melancholic?
- Air
- Fire
- Water
- Earth (correct)
Phlegmatic is under what element?
Phlegmatic is under what element?
- Fire
- Air
- Water (correct)
- Earth
Who is the author of The Varieties of Human Physique?
Who is the author of The Varieties of Human Physique?
Which theory states that crime is a social phenomenon comparable to a disaster?
Which theory states that crime is a social phenomenon comparable to a disaster?
What theory describes crime as a consequence of social rather than individual pathology?
What theory describes crime as a consequence of social rather than individual pathology?
What stage is crucial for developing a child's attitude towards authority?
What stage is crucial for developing a child's attitude towards authority?
Which criminologist rejected the classical view of free will, arguing that criminals were slaves to impulses?
Which criminologist rejected the classical view of free will, arguing that criminals were slaves to impulses?
What is the duration of the Latency stage?
What is the duration of the Latency stage?
According to Karl Christiansen's study of twins, what percentage does dizygotic twins score in criminality?
According to Karl Christiansen's study of twins, what percentage does dizygotic twins score in criminality?
The Genital stage occurs during which span?
The Genital stage occurs during which span?
What term is used to describe twins who are born from two separate egg cells?
What term is used to describe twins who are born from two separate egg cells?
At what age does the Phallic stage start?
At what age does the Phallic stage start?
Is the statement 'The evolution of Superego can be passed on to whoever a person spends his/her time with' correct?
Is the statement 'The evolution of Superego can be passed on to whoever a person spends his/her time with' correct?
Which of the following is part of a cell that carries hereditary information to future offspring?
Which of the following is part of a cell that carries hereditary information to future offspring?
Who stated that 'the physical and mental constitution of both criminal and law-abiding persons, of the same age, stature, class, and intelligence, are identical'?
Who stated that 'the physical and mental constitution of both criminal and law-abiding persons, of the same age, stature, class, and intelligence, are identical'?
What component is responsible for telling us that controlling the ID will ultimately be beneficial?
What component is responsible for telling us that controlling the ID will ultimately be beneficial?
Which component combines judgment and self-control?
Which component combines judgment and self-control?
According to Galton's study of twins, do twins have the same social reaction to their social environment?
According to Galton's study of twins, do twins have the same social reaction to their social environment?
Which theory by Sheldon categorizes people according to their body types and links these to their criminal behavior?
Which theory by Sheldon categorizes people according to their body types and links these to their criminal behavior?
What did Gumamela's decision to pursue Pollen exemplify?
What did Gumamela's decision to pursue Pollen exemplify?
In the scenario of Otlum, which element of Routine Activity Theory allowed the offender to steal the phone easily?
In the scenario of Otlum, which element of Routine Activity Theory allowed the offender to steal the phone easily?
How many stages did Sigmund Freud propose in the Psychosexual Theory?
How many stages did Sigmund Freud propose in the Psychosexual Theory?
What stage do parents start to potty train their children?
What stage do parents start to potty train their children?
During the Oral stage, where is the libido being centered?
During the Oral stage, where is the libido being centered?
Jealousy is a normal feeling that a person could get depending on the situation. But how old does a child start to conceive it?
Jealousy is a normal feeling that a person could get depending on the situation. But how old does a child start to conceive it?
Ego and Superego are crucial at this age as individuals channel their sexual energy into studies, friends, and pastimes.
Ego and Superego are crucial at this age as individuals channel their sexual energy into studies, friends, and pastimes.
Which temperament is associated with Yellow bile?
Which temperament is associated with Yellow bile?
Which of the following represents a characteristic used by Phrenologists?
Which of the following represents a characteristic used by Phrenologists?
Which theory is associated with the statement: 'crime is an abnormal condition'?
Which theory is associated with the statement: 'crime is an abnormal condition'?
What categorizes a Criminal by Passion?
What categorizes a Criminal by Passion?
What is the temperament that is both weak in emotions and unchangeable?
What is the temperament that is both weak in emotions and unchangeable?
Who, among the provided options, is described as having motivated the offender characteristic?
Who, among the provided options, is described as having motivated the offender characteristic?
In Social Darwinism, people are categorized as
In Social Darwinism, people are categorized as
According to the provided context, which of the following describes Craniology?
According to the provided context, which of the following describes Craniology?
On what occasion is an infant's birth day celebrated?
On what occasion is an infant's birth day celebrated?
Who primarily influences the formation of the superego?
Who primarily influences the formation of the superego?
What complex describes the unusual attachment of the father to his daughter?
What complex describes the unusual attachment of the father to his daughter?
Which level of awareness is associated with selfish traits?
Which level of awareness is associated with selfish traits?
Which process deals with the unconscious urges of the mind through delayed gratification?
Which process deals with the unconscious urges of the mind through delayed gratification?
Which theory includes the concepts of ID, Ego, and Superego?
Which theory includes the concepts of ID, Ego, and Superego?
How many egg cells do monozygotic twins come from?
How many egg cells do monozygotic twins come from?
Who was known as the famous preacher with a family of no criminal records during the colonial period?
Who was known as the famous preacher with a family of no criminal records during the colonial period?
Margaret 'Ada' Jukes was known as what?
Margaret 'Ada' Jukes was known as what?
Who developed Physiognomy if Lavater founded it?
Who developed Physiognomy if Lavater founded it?
What are the characteristics of a Phlegmatic person?
What are the characteristics of a Phlegmatic person?
Which criminological theory was being practiced when Mary was given the death penalty for stealing?
Which criminological theory was being practiced when Mary was given the death penalty for stealing?
What are the characteristics of a Choleric person?
What are the characteristics of a Choleric person?
Which prison was designed by Jeremy Bentham with 360-degree visual observation?
Which prison was designed by Jeremy Bentham with 360-degree visual observation?
Which mind level consists of all the mental processes that we are aware of?
Which mind level consists of all the mental processes that we are aware of?
What is the 'back of our mind' also known as?
What is the 'back of our mind' also known as?
If consciousness is synonymous to remembering, what is being described?
If consciousness is synonymous to remembering, what is being described?
Which of these makes us aware of what we should think or do?
Which of these makes us aware of what we should think or do?
According to Freud, which part of the psyche contains repressed ideas and primitive desires?
According to Freud, which part of the psyche contains repressed ideas and primitive desires?
What term describes dreams and slips of the tongue that reveal the unconscious?
What term describes dreams and slips of the tongue that reveal the unconscious?
Which impacts are associated with the unconscious mind?
Which impacts are associated with the unconscious mind?
What are key components of psychological theories?
What are key components of psychological theories?
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Study Notes
Criminology
- Types of criminals according to Garofalo: Occasional Criminals, Insane Criminals, Deficient Criminals, Born Criminals
- Raffaele Garofalo rejected the classical view of free will, stating that criminals are slaves to impulses out of their own accord
- Karl Christiansen's study of twins found that dizygotic twins score 20% in criminality
- Types of twins: Monozygotic (identical, coming from a single egg cell), Dizygotic (fraternal, coming from two separate egg cells)
Routine Activity Theory
- The absence or lack of a capable guardian enables the offender to commit a crime (e.g., Otlum scenario)
Criminological Theories
- Positivist Theory: states that crime is a consequence of social rather than individual pathology; crime is a social phenomenon comparable to a disaster
- Sociological Positivism: regards crime as a consequence of social rather than individual pathology
- Biosocial Theory: a combination of social and biological theories; contemporary biosocial theories take a more in-depth look at human biology
Physiology and Crime
- Somatotyping Theory: a theory by Sheldon that categorizes people according to their body types, linking them to their criminal behavior
- Constitutional Theory: a theory that states that the physical and mental constitution of both criminal and law-abiding persons are identical
- Phrenology: a method that believes external cranial characteristics dictate which areas of the brain control physical activity
- Craniology: a method that determines the personality and development of mental and moral faculties based on the external shape of the skull
Temperaments
- Sanguine: associated with Air, Strong Emotions, and Unchangeable
- Choleric: associated with Fire, Strong Emotions, and Unchangeable
- Melancholic: associated with Earth, Weak Emotions, and Unchangeable
- Phlegmatic: associated with Water, Weak Emotions, and Unchangeable
Social Darwinism
- People are described as normal and abnormal
Psychology
- Sigmund Freud: Father of Psychoanalytic Theory
- Psychoanalytic Theory: states that behavior is the result of unconscious psychological forces
- ID: a selfish trait, always follows pleasure without regards to people and situations
- Superego: tells us that controlling the ID will ultimately be of benefit
- Ego: a combination of judgment and self-control
- Topographic Model: an illustration of the different levels of awareness, with the Unconscious at the deepest part
- Latency Stage: a stage in which the child develops their attitude towards authority
- Genital Stage: a stage that circulates from puberty to adulthood
Eugenics
- A study applied by Gumamela, aiming to produce a better generation through selective breeding
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