Criminology Overview Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Who coined the term 'Criminologia'?

  • Paul Topinard
  • Cirilo Tradio
  • Raffaele Garofalo (correct)
  • Edwind Sutherland

Which of the following describes Criminology as a multidisciplinary study?

  • It strictly adheres to biological perspectives.
  • It involves various fields such as psychology and sociology. (correct)
  • It only focuses on criminal law.
  • It is solely concerned with penal codes.

What is a key aspect of Criminology as defined by modern perspectives?

  • The analysis of crimes and criminals scientifically. (correct)
  • The exclusion of scientific approaches.
  • A major emphasis on legal language.
  • A focus on theoretical applications only.

Which principal division of Criminology analyzes the causes of crimes?

<p>Criminal Etiology (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Philippine Criminology Profession Act of 2018 defines Criminology as the study of which of the following?

<p>Crimes, criminals, and victims (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Sociology of Law division of criminology aim to analyze?

<p>Conditions under which criminal laws develop (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Penology is primarily concerned with which aspect of criminology?

<p>The control and prevention of crime (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about criminology is NOT true?

<p>It is solely a legal discipline. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following needs is the highest level in Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?

<p>Self-actualization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is primarily characterized by unpleasant feelings resulting from the blocking of motive satisfaction?

<p>Frustration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the integration into various social groups and the need for affection?

<p>Love/Belongingness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents a source of frustration caused by physical barriers?

<p>Physical Obstacles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of need reflects motivation for learning and exploration?

<p>Cognitive Needs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Anxiety is often described as a form of what kind of fear?

<p>Neurotic Fear (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which level of needs involves the desire for beauty and order?

<p>Aesthetic Needs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does conflict refer to in psychological terms?

<p>The simultaneous arousal of incompatible motives (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the neurotic nucleus in neurotic behaviors?

<p>Faulty evaluation of reality and avoidance of coping with stress (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the neurotic paradox?

<p>Maintaining a maladaptive lifestyle despite dissatisfaction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In anxiety disorders, what term is used to describe moderate but continuous anxiety?

<p>Worry (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of obsessive-compulsive disorder?

<p>The compulsive need to engage in certain behaviors despite not wanting to (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is NOT typically associated with asthenic disorders (neurasthenia)?

<p>Persistent feelings of euphoria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of disorder is characterized by irrational fears of objects or situations that pose no real danger?

<p>Phobic disorder (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which physiological symptom is commonly linked with anxiety disorders?

<p>Sustained muscular tension (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines neurotic behaviors in relation to personality disorders?

<p>They are mild functional personality disorders without gross disorganization. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason society exists according to the content?

<p>To provide benefits individuals would not receive in isolation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes Beccaria's belief about individual behavior?

<p>Individuals possess freewill and make rational choices. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the concept of 'manipulability' refer to in Beccaria's theory?

<p>The idea that rational self-interest can make human actions predictable. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does NOT represent a principle proposed by Beccaria for a just government?

<p>Offenders must face punishment by arbitrary authority (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does crime affect the relationship between individuals and society according to the content?

<p>It disparages the quality of the bond. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Beccaria's treatise 'On Crimes and Punishments'?

<p>It discussed principles of penal reform and human rights. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Beccaria, what aspect of law helps to prevent deviant acts?

<p>The preservation of the social contract (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which principle about arrests is proposed by Beccaria?

<p>Arrests must follow laws set by legislators. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the positivist school of thought emphasize in the study of crime?

<p>The scientific treatment of the criminal's behavior (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the term 'positivism'?

<p>An analysis based on observable scientific facts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Cesare Lombroso's contribution to criminology?

<p>He founded the positivist school of thought (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a defining feature of the positivist school?

<p>Emphasis on crime control through penalties (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who are considered the primary personalities in the positivist school of thought?

<p>Enrico Ferri, Cesare Lombroso, and Rafaele Garofalo (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The positivist school is sometimes referred to as the:

<p>Italian School of Thought (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of human behavior does positivism primarily seek to understand?

<p>The internal and external factors affecting actions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the attitude of the positivist school towards social and personal betterment?

<p>Idealistic and hopeful (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key differentiator in the first phase of criminology?

<p>The distinction between crime and sin. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of modern criminology?

<p>To assert independence from traditional disciplines. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is credited with the significant publication of 'On Crimes and Punishments' in 1764?

<p>Cesare Beccaria. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key principle of utilitarianism as proposed by Jeremy Bentham?

<p>Individuals weigh costs and benefits before acting. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the severity element of deterrence refer to?

<p>How harsh the punishment will be for a crime. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best defines general deterrence?

<p>It serves to deter the whole community by showcasing punishment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term hedonistic calculus involve?

<p>The decision-making process between pleasure and pain. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which key idea was presented by Beccaria regarding torture?

<p>It should be abolished as a means of extracting confessions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect does the neo-classical school of criminology specifically challenge?

<p>The acceptance of all actions as resulting from freewill. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does certainty in deterrence function?

<p>It indicates how likely an offender is to be detected and punished. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is absolute deterrence concerned with?

<p>The overall reduction in crime due to the fear of punishment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Cesare Beccaria's stance on freewill in relation to crime?

<p>All individuals possess absolute freewill. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following theories emphasizes that crime can be controlled through suitable punishments?

<p>Deterrence theory. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Criminology Definition (general)

The study of crime as a social phenomenon, including law-making, law-breaking, and reactions to law-breaking.

Criminology Definition (scientific)

The scientific study of crimes, criminals, and victims, investigating their causes, and seeking solutions. Involves analyzing how crime is handled.

Sociology of Law

Analyzes how criminal laws are created and developed as a means of social control.

Criminal Etiology

The study of the causes of criminal behavior.

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Penology

Deals with crime control, prevention, and offender treatment.

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Origin of Criminology (word)

The word 'criminology' comes from the Italian word 'criminologia', coined by Raffaele Garofalo.

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Criminology as a Multidisciplinary Study

Criminology brings together various fields like sociology, psychology, biology, and others to study crime.

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Philippine Criminology Profession Act

Defines Criminology as the scientific study of crimes, criminals, and victims, emphasizing prevention and solution.

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Society's Purpose

Society exists to benefit individuals, offering advantages unavailable in isolation.

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Individual Rights

Certain rights are inherent and essential; governments violating these rights should be dissolved.

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Crime's Impact

Crime weakens the social bond between individuals and society, making it immoral.

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Free Will (Beccaria)

Beccaria believed individuals freely choose their actions.

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Rationality (Beccaria)

Beccaria believed individuals act in their self-interest.

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Predictability (Beccaria)

Beccaria felt that due to inherent self-interest, human actions are predictable.

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Legislative Power

Laws should be created by lawmakers.

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Separation of Powers (Beccaria)

Lawmakers should not be judges, emphasizing the roles in governing.

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Positivism

A method of analysis focusing on observable scientific facts to explain and predict patterns of human behavior.

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Positivist School of Thought

A social movement (mid-1800s-early 1900s) emphasizing scientific methods to study and improve society, aiming to understand the causes of human behavior, especially crime. It shifted from focusing on punishment to understanding criminals.

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Italian School of Thought

A branch of positivism focusing on crime, emphasizing scientific understanding of criminals over imposing punishment.

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Cesare Lombroso

The founder of the positivist school of thought, emphasizing the study of physical and mental characteristics in relation to criminal behavior.

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Enrico Ferri

A student of Cesare Lombroso, part of the positivist school of thought.

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Rafaele Garofalo

A student of Cesare Lombroso, part of the positivist school of thought.

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Criminology

The study of crime and criminal behavior.

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Scientific Method

A way of studying by using observations and experiments to understand.

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Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

A theory explaining human motivation as a pyramid of needs. Basic needs must be met before higher needs can be pursued.

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Physiological Needs

The most basic needs for survival, such as food, water, sleep, and shelter.

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Safety Needs

Needs for security, stability, and protection from harm.

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Love/Belongingness Needs

The need to feel loved, accepted, and part of a group.

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Cognitive Needs

The desire to learn, understand, and explore.

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Esteem Needs

The need for self-respect, confidence, and recognition from others.

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Frustration

The feeling of being blocked or prevented from achieving a goal, leading to unpleasant emotions.

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Conflict

A state of having two or more conflicting goals or motivations, leading to stress and tension.

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Neurotic Behaviors

A group of mild personality disorders where individuals remain in touch with reality and don't require hospitalization. These behaviors are often maladaptive and form the core of a neurotic lifestyle.

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Neurotic Nucleus

The faulty way a neurotic person views reality, leading them to avoid stress rather than cope with it. This avoidance results in blocked personal growth.

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Neurotic Paradox

The tendency to maintain a neurotic lifestyle despite its negative impact on their well-being and happiness.

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Anxiety disorders

A type of neurotic behavior characterized by excessive fear and worry, often accompanied by physical symptoms like muscle tension and insomnia.

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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

An anxiety disorder where people are compelled to think or act against their will, often driven by fear or intrusive thoughts.

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Asthenic Disorders

An anxiety disorder marked by chronic fatigue, physical pain, and sleep disturbances. While sleep seems like a solution, it often makes the fatigue worse.

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Phobic Disorders

An anxiety disorder involving intense fear of specific objects or situations that pose no real danger.

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What is the key difference between anxiety disorders and other neurotic behaviors?

Anxiety disorders are characterized by a primary focus on fear and worry, often accompanied by physical symptoms. Other neurotic behaviors might include different emotional or behavioral patterns.

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Classical Criminology

The first phase of Criminology, where scholars differentiated crime from sin, allowing for non-religious explanations of criminal behavior.

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Modern Criminology

The second phase, where Criminology emerged as a distinct field within disciplines like psychology, sociology, and economics.

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Independent Criminology

The third phase, characterized by Criminology establishing its own identity, drawing from various fields to study crime itself.

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Cesare Beccaria

A key figure in the Classical School, known for his work 'On Crimes and Punishments', advocating against torture and promoting rational punishment.

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Jeremy Bentham

Another prominent Classical School thinker, known for his 'Utilitarian Hedonism', suggesting people choose actions based on maximizing pleasure and minimizing pain.

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Utilitarianism

The belief that actions should be judged based on their usefulness in promoting happiness and minimizing suffering.

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Panopticon

A prison design by Bentham, featuring a circular structure with cells visible from a central guard post, intended to maximize surveillance and control.

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Free Will

The Classical School's core concept that individuals have the capacity to choose between right and wrong.

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Hedonistic Calculus

Bentham's idea that individuals weigh potential pleasure and pain before deciding to act.

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Deterrence Theory

A key principle of Classical Criminology, suggesting that crime can be controlled by using punishments that are certain, severe, and swift.

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Severity (Deterrence)

The harshness of the punishment for a crime, which according to Classical theory, must match the severity of the crime

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Celerity (Deterrence)

The speed of punishment after committing a crime.

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Certainty (Deterrence)

The probability of being caught and punished for a crime, which plays a crucial role in crime prevention.

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Absolute Deterrence

The deterrent effect of having a formal legal system in place.

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General Deterrence

The deterrent effect of witnessing others being punished for a crime.

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Study Notes

The Origin of Criminology

  • Criminology was derived from the Italian term "criminologia," coined by Raffaele Garofalo in 1885.
  • In 1887, Paul Topinard used "criminologie" to differentiate the study of criminal body types within anthropology.
  • Criminology stems from Latin (crimen = crime/offense) and Greek (logia = study).
  • Criminology is a body of knowledge about crime as a social phenomenon (Cirilo Tradio).
  • Criminology encompasses the process of making laws, breaking laws, and reacting to law-breaking (Edwin Sutherland and Donald Cressey).
  • It is a multidisciplinary field encompassing psychology, sociology, anthropology, biology, neurology, political science, economics, and others (Curt Bartol and Anne Bartol).
  • Modern definitions include scientifically analyzing crime causes, control, and criminal treatment.
  • The Philippine Criminology Profession Act of 2018 (Republic Act 11131) defines criminology as the scientific study of crimes, criminals, and victims, focusing on prevention and solutions.

Principal Divisions of Criminology

  • Criminology comprises three principal divisions:
    • Sociology of Law: scientific analysis of penal laws' development as formal social control.

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Test your knowledge on the core principles and definitions of criminology. This quiz covers key aspects such as the multidisciplinary nature of criminology, major divisions, and the Philippine Criminology Profession Act of 2018. Challenge yourself with questions that also explore related concepts in psychology and sociology.

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