Penology and Corrections Overview

Study Notes

Penology

Focuses on the management and treatment of offenders in prison.
A branch of criminology.

Corrections

One of the pillars of the Criminal Justice System.
The study of punishment and deterrence methods.

Correctional Administration

Involves systematic management of jails and prisons.
Covers custody, treatment, and rehabilitation.

Penal Management

Practices related to controlling places of confinement.

Alternatives to Prison

Non-custodial approaches to dealing with wrongdoing.
Community penalties are part of this approach.

Governmentality

A political term describing new systems of governance and order.
Involves new approaches to crime control.

Human Rights

Based on the recognition of inherent human dignity.

Labor Market

Has a strong connection to the form and nature of punishment.

Legitimacy

Refers to the moral and political validity of using penal power.

Less Eligibility

Implies the dehumanization of wrongdoers.

Managerialism

Belief in management principles of efficiency, effectiveness, and economy.

Pains of IMprisonment

The inherent deprivations experienced within prison life.

Penal Reform

Advocates for improvements in prison conditions to make them more humane or effective.

Penological Imagination

The application of creative thinking to the study of prisons and punishment.

Power to Punish

The application of penal rationale to discipline.

Public Protection

A key justification for increasing levels of prison security.

Rehabilitation

Punishment can be justified as a way to restore offenders.
Includes reintegration, resettlement, re-entry, and reform.

Risk

A highly influential factor in calculating and assessing the danger of an offender.

Focuses on examining divisions based on poverty, social exclusion, race, gender, and age.

Implies recognition and respect for the shared humanity of wrongdoers.

Criminology

Scientific approach to studying criminal behavior.

Branches of Criminology

Sociology of Law - Studies the lawmaking process.
Criminal Etiology - Investigates the causes of crime.
Penology - Focuses on reacting to lawbreaking.

Corporal Punishment

Punishment inflicted on the body.
Includes imprisonment.

Capital Punishment

State-imposed death penalty for serious crimes.

Criminal Sociology or Criminal Anthropology

Studies the environmental factors that contribute to criminality.

Juristic Theory

Considers humans as moral beings with free will.
Associated with the Classical School of Thought.
Emphasizes retribution as the purpose of punishment.

Realistic Theory

Considers human behavior to be influenced by factors beyond free will.
Associated with the Positivist School of Thought.
Focuses on prevention or correction as the purpose of punishment.

Criminal Law

Defines crimes, explains their nature, and provides for punishment.
Focuses on offenses against the community.

Penal Law

Laws enforcing punishment for offenses against the state.
Aims to preserve public order.

Utilitarian Theory

Emphasizes the primary purpose of punishment as protecting society from wrongdoers.

Classical Theory

Emphasizes retribution as the primary purpose of punishment.

Positivist Theory

Focuses on reformation, prevention, and correction as the primary purpose of punishment.
Considers the offender as primary and the deed as secondary.

Eclectic/Mixed Theory

Combines aspects of both positivist and classical thinking.
The Revised Penal Code today is based on this approach.

Bill of Attainder

A legislative act that imposes punishment without a trial.

Ex Post Facto Law

A law that criminalizes an act that was legal when committed.

Statues or Statutory Law

Written enactments of the legislative branch of government.

Jurisprudence or Case Law

Legal decisions or written opinions of courts and judges.

Muslim Law

Primarily based on Shariah:
- Quran
- Sunnah
- Ijma (consensus among scholars)
- Qiyas (analogical reasoning)

Pro Reo Doctrine

When two legal interpretations are possible, the one that is more lenient to the offender is favored.

Equipoise Rule

When the evidence is equally balanced, it should favor the accused.

Burden of Proof

The prosecution has the responsibility to prove the offense charged.

Criminal Procedure

Rules governing the investigation, prosecution, adjudication, and punishment of crimes.

Criminal Justice System

The government's machinery for controlling and preventing crime.

Crime Control Model

Emphasizes the overriding goal of protecting the public.

Description

Explore the fundamental concepts of penology and corrections, including the management and treatment of offenders, as well as alternative approaches to prison. This quiz covers key themes such as human rights, legitimacy, and the interplay between punishment and societal factors.

Penology and Corrections Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of the Classical School of Thought in penology?

Which of the following best describes the concept of rehabilitation within corrections?

What does penal management primarily involve?

What is the 'pains of imprisonment' concept related to?

What does the term 'governmentality' refer to in criminology?

In the context of criminology, what does 'less eligibility' imply?

What is a fundamental principle of the Utilitarian Theory in penology?

What characterizes the Eclectic/Mixed approach in criminology?

What does the legal principle of 'pro reo' signify?

Which of the following best defines 'social justice' in the context of criminology?

What is a central focus of the Crime Control Model?

Which branch of criminology deals with the process of making laws?

What does corporal punishment entail?

What purpose does the Criminal Procedure serve in the justice system?