12 Questions
True or false:According to control theories/neoclassical criminology, people do not have free will.
False
True or false: Internal controls are less important than external controls in preventing delinquency.
False
True or false: Delinquents use techniques of neutralization to justify their behavior, according to social bonds theory.
False
True or false: The general theory of crime suggests that high self-control leads to crime.
False
True or false: Routine activities theory suggests crime is more likely when a motivated person has suitable targets and a high level of guardianship.
False
True or false: Labeling theory recognizes the positive effect labeling has on individuals.
False
True or false: Marxist and conflict theories suggest crimes are caused by individual choices rather than the way the economy and society are structured.
False
True or false: The third wave of feminist criminology focuses on the intersection of systems of power that result in differentiation and inequality.
True
True or false: Life-course theories suggest that involvement in crime is a static, unchanging process.
False
True or false: Age-graded/Life-course theory suggests that former delinquents cannot change their antisocial trajectory after experiencing "turning points."
False
True or false: Moffitt proposed a developmental taxonomy with three categories: adolescent-limited, life-course persistent, and adolescent-onset.
False
True or false: Howell's risk-protection framework identifies only risks against delinquency and does not take into account protective factors.
False
Study Notes
- Control theories/neoclassical criminology assumes people are hedonistic and have free will.
- Internal controls are more important than external controls in preventing delinquency.
- Delinquency is a matter of drift, and delinquents use techniques of neutralization to justify their behavior.
- Social bonds theory suggests delinquency occurs when bonds with society are weak or broken.
- General theory of crime states that low self-control leads to crime.
- Rational choice theory assumes humans weigh costs and benefits in decision-making.
- Routine activities theory suggests crime is more likely when a motivated person has suitable targets and lack of guardianship.
- Labeling theory recognizes the negative effect labeling has on individuals.
- Marxist and conflict theories suggest crimes are caused by the way the economy and society are structured.
- Feminist theories emerged in the 1970s and focus on the unique experiences and perspectives of women.
- Feminist criminologists question the legitimacy of traditional theories of crime.
- Gender is traditionally treated as a control variable in criminology.
- Feminist theory challenges traditional criminological theories and focuses on women as the focal point of explanation and analysis.
- The Pathway Model accounts for the unique social, structural, and cultural context of women's experiences in society.
- The third wave of feminist criminology is intersectionality, which focuses on the intersection of systems of power that result in differentiation and inequality.
- Life-course theories suggest that involvement in crime is a dynamic, developmental process.
- Age-graded/Life-course theory suggests that former delinquents can change their antisocial trajectory after experiencing "turning points."
- Moffitt proposed a developmental taxonomy with two categories: adolescent-limited and life-course persistent.
- The age-crime curve peaks during late teens to early 20s and then declines over time.
- Howell's risk-protection framework identifies risks and protections against delinquency and combines developmental theory and interactional theory of risk and protective factors across developmental stages.
Test your knowledge on various criminological theories including control theories, social bonds theory, general theory of crime, labeling theory, Marxist and conflict theories, feminist theories, life-course theories, and developmental taxonomy. Explore different perspectives on the causes of crime and delinquency.
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