Criminological Theories Overview

The idea that theories should explain a wide range of phenomena simply.

The ability to repeat evidence to support a theory; essential for scientific value.

The criterion that a theory must be supported by scientific evidence to be considered valid.

The impact theories can have on society, which can be beneficial or harmful.

A criminological perspective that emerged in the 1960s, focusing on societal reactions to crime.

The mechanism by which society creates deviance through rules and their application.

Deviance is not inherent in an act but results from societal labeling.

A label applied to individuals identified as outsiders due to rule violations.

Different factors affect how individuals are labeled as deviant.

Determination of outsiders based on societal reaction to deviance varies significantly.

The belief that deviance and control are linked to societal power dynamics.

A sociological approach focused on how human awareness produces social actions.

The study of how social realities are constructed through people's actions.

A theory that focuses on the interaction of individuals and the meanings attached to them.

The perception an individual has of themselves, shaped by social interactions.

Extracting meaning from stimuli like sounds and gestures.

The expected behavior or identity in a particular social context.

Gestures or words that convey meanings in social interactions.

A theory that focuses on how meanings arise from social interactions using symbols.

The process of assuming the perspective of 'the other' to understand their feelings and reactions.

The value or significance of symbols is created through social use and interaction.

The ways individuals learn and adopt the norms and values of their society, shaping interactions.

Behaviors that are labeled as violating societal norms, dependent on societal perceptions.

The process through which individuals derive and change meanings during social interaction.

A study focused on marginalized individuals and their behaviors as defined by society's rules.

Unequal power among social groups leads to rule creation.

The response of society that leads to labeling behavior as deviant.

Acceptance of a deviant label by individuals, affecting their self-concept.

Different social groups have varying responses to deviant behavior.

Deviance is formed through social rules and reactions, not inherent behavior.

Becker's study on the social processes involved in becoming a marijuana user.

The emphasis on understanding behavior within the context of society and interactions, rather than individual psychology.

Legal penalties for marijuana use included 2-20 years imprisonment based on offense severity.

Cultural portrayal linking marijuana use to immorality and violent behavior.

Challenges faced by first-time marijuana users, like social controls and peer pressure.

The need for marijuana users to hide their consumption from non-users and authorities.

Two overlapping processes necessary for becoming a habitual marijuana user: social navigation and drug consumption skills.

Terminology and cultural nuances within the deviant group that users must understand.

The perception that marijuana effects are enjoyable, influencing regular use.