12 Questions
Which theory assumes that people are hedonistic and have free will?
Control theories/neoclassical criminology
According to the routine activities theory, when is crime more likely to occur?
When a person has weak guardianship and suitable targets
Which theory suggests that delinquency occurs when bonds with society are weak or broken?
Social bonds theory
What is the focus of feminist criminology?
The unique experiences and perspectives of women
Which theory suggests that low self-control leads to crime?
General theory of crime
What is the focus of the third wave of feminist criminology?
The intersection of systems of power that result in differentiation and inequality
Which theory suggests that former delinquents can change their antisocial trajectory after experiencing "turning points"?
Age-graded/Life-course theory
Which theory assumes that humans weigh costs and benefits in decision-making?
Rational choice theory
Which theory suggests that crimes are caused by the way the economy and society are structured?
Marxist and conflict theories
Which theory accounts for the unique social, structural, and cultural context of women's experiences in society?
The Pathway Model
Which theory suggests that delinquency is a matter of drift, and delinquents use techniques of neutralization to justify their behavior?
Control theories/neoclassical criminology
Which theory combines developmental theory and interactional theory of risk and protective factors across developmental stages?
Howell's risk-protection framework
Study Notes
- Control theories/neoclassical criminology assumes people are hedonistic and have free will.
- Internal controls are more important than external controls in preventing delinquency.
- Delinquency is a matter of drift, and delinquents use techniques of neutralization to justify their behavior.
- Social bonds theory suggests delinquency occurs when bonds with society are weak or broken.
- General theory of crime states that low self-control leads to crime.
- Rational choice theory assumes humans weigh costs and benefits in decision-making.
- Routine activities theory suggests crime is more likely when a motivated person has suitable targets and lack of guardianship.
- Labeling theory recognizes the negative effect labeling has on individuals.
- Marxist and conflict theories suggest crimes are caused by the way the economy and society are structured.
- Feminist theories emerged in the 1970s and focus on the unique experiences and perspectives of women.
- Feminist criminologists question the legitimacy of traditional theories of crime.
- Gender is traditionally treated as a control variable in criminology.
- Feminist theory challenges traditional criminological theories and focuses on women as the focal point of explanation and analysis.
- The Pathway Model accounts for the unique social, structural, and cultural context of women's experiences in society.
- The third wave of feminist criminology is intersectionality, which focuses on the intersection of systems of power that result in differentiation and inequality.
- Life-course theories suggest that involvement in crime is a dynamic, developmental process.
- Age-graded/Life-course theory suggests that former delinquents can change their antisocial trajectory after experiencing "turning points."
- Moffitt proposed a developmental taxonomy with two categories: adolescent-limited and life-course persistent.
- The age-crime curve peaks during late teens to early 20s and then declines over time.
- Howell's risk-protection framework identifies risks and protections against delinquency and combines developmental theory and interactional theory of risk and protective factors across developmental stages.
Test your knowledge on control theories, social bonds theory, rational choice theory, and feminist perspectives in criminology. Explore different perspectives on crime causation and prevention, including the impact of social bonds, labeling, Marxist theories, and feminist critiques of traditional criminological theories.
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