Criminal Justice Processes Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is probable cause?

Right to give law informant to make arrests search or seizures

What is the legal standard that must be met before a police officer can stop and frisk a person?

Reasonable suspicion

What is the burden of proof?

The requirement to provide evidence

What is the purpose of a grand jury?

<p>To see if the case has enough evidence to proceed</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a bench trial?

<p>When they waive the right to have a jury present</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a plea bargain?

<p>Arguments for and against play bargain</p> Signup and view all the answers

Double jeopardy means that a person can be tried for the same crime twice.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the order of steps in the criminal justice system?

<p>Booking, arraignment, pretrial activities, trial, sentencing</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is restitution?

<p>May be required to pay for whatever loss/injury was caused to the victim</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a contingency fee?

<p>You pay only if you win a law suet</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a retainer fee?

<p>You pay for the services of a lawyer</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is deterrence?

<p>Is a punishment that will discourage other people from committing the same crime</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is incapacitation?

<p>The criminal is physically separated from the community to protect the people</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is parole?

<p>The release of a convicted person from prison before his or her entire sentence has been served</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are aggravated circumstances?

<p>Factors that suggest the dependent deserves a more severe punishment</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are mitigating circumstances?

<p>Factors that suggest the dependent deserves a less severe punishment</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a jail?

<p>re run by cities and counties/parishes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is typically held in a jail?

<p>Detain people awaiting trial and to hold mental patients, drug addicts, alcoholics, juvenile offenders, and felons on a temporary basis before being transferred to other facilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a status offense?

<p>A crime that is committed by a person under the age of 16</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a delinquent crime?

<p>A crime that is committed by a person under the age of 16</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is preventative detention?

<p>The detention a delinquent is put under to prevent said delinquent from committing another crime if there is a risk</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a deposition?

<p>A recorded statement made under oath, typically for use in a legal proceeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the USA PATRIOT Act?

<p>Increased the authority of the FBICIA and Department of Justice to track Internet communications, install telephone and computer wiretaps, obtain search warrants for voicemail and email messages, and access personal, educational, medical, and financial information</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Department of Homeland Security?

<p>To better coordinate anti-terrorism activities across the government</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Protect America Act?

<p>The government's power to listen on the telephone conversations, read emails monitor Randomized bank transactions and inspect faxes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Probable cause

A reasonable basis for believing a crime may have occurred.

Stop and frisk

Police can stop a person with reasonable suspicion and search them.

Burden of proof

The requirement to provide evidence to prove a claim.

Grand jury

A jury that determines if there is enough evidence to proceed with a case.

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Double jeopardy

Cannot be tried for the same crime twice.

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Criminal justice process

Sequence of steps a criminal goes through in the system.

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Restitution

Payment required for loss or injury caused to a victim.

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Contingency fee

You pay a lawyer only if you win the case.

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Retainer fee

Payment made upfront for a lawyer's services.

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Retribution

Punishment given as a form of revenge for wrongdoing.

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Deterrence

Punishment intended to discourage future offenses.

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Incapacitation

Physically separating a criminal from the community.

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Aggravated circumstances

Factors suggesting a defendant deserves a harsher punishment.

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Mitigating circumstances

Factors suggesting a defendant deserves a lighter punishment.

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Jail

Detains people awaiting trial or holds various offenders temporarily.

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Prison

Operated by federal or state governments for long-term confinement.

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Delinquent crime

A crime committed by someone under the age of 16.

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Preventative detention

Holding a delinquent to prevent future crimes.

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Deposition

Testimony taken under oath before a trial.

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USA PATRIOT Act

Increases authority for tracking communications in terrorism investigations.

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Department of Homeland Security

Coordinates anti-terrorism activities across the government.

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Protect America Act

Government's power to monitor communications for security purposes.

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Study Notes

Probable Cause and Arrest

  • Probable cause is needed for law enforcement to make arrests or seizures.

Stop and Frisk

  • With reasonable suspicion, police can stop and frisk a person.

Burden of Proof

  • The need to provide evidence.

Grand Jury

  • A jury decides if there's enough evidence to proceed with a case.

Bench Trial

  • A trial without a jury, if a defendant chooses.

Arguments in a Trial

  • Arguments presented for and against, in a case.

Double Jeopardy

  • Cannot be tried for the same crime twice.

Criminal Justice System Process

  • The order of events in criminal cases, from booking to sentencing.

Restitution

  • A financial obligation to compensate the victim for losses.

Contingency Fees

  • Lawyer's fees based on winning a case.

Retainer Fees

  • Attorney fees paid upfront.

Lawyer Fees

  • Payment for legal services.

Retribution

  • Punishment motivated by revenge for wrongdoing.

Deterrence

  • Punishments used to discourage similar crimes.

Incapacitation

  • Separating a criminal from the public to protect others.

Parole

  • Early release from prison before the full sentence.

Aggravating Circumstances

  • Factors that make a crime more severe.

Mitigating Circumstances

  • Factors that lessen the severity of a crime.

Jail

  • Short-term detention facility in cities and counties.

Prison

  • Long-term confinement facility operated by government.

Status Offense

  • Act that's a crime only because of a person's status, like age.

Delinquent Crime

  • A crime committed by someone under 16.

Preventative Detention

  • To prevent further criminal activity by a delinquent.

Deposition

  • Legal testimony under oath.

USA Patriot Act

  • Expanded surveillance powers for law enforcement.

Department of Homeland Security

  • Coordinating anti-terrorism efforts.

Protect America Act

  • Allows the government to monitor communications, financial transactions and inspect fax machines.

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Study Guide - Criminal Justice

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