Questions and Answers
Why is Miranda v. Arizona important?
This decision set forth that confessions made by suspects who have not been advised of their due process rights cannot be used as evidence.
How are the police different from the military?
There are three major differences: authority, discretion, and visibility.
Which level of law enforcement agency handles most of the nation's crime?
Local law enforcement agencies handle most of the nation's crime.
How has the focus on terrorism changed US law enforcement?
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Why are the police patterned after the military style of organization?
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What do we mean by the term procedural law?
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Where in the US Constitution do we find the authority for our laws concerning searches?
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What is community policing?
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What is problem-oriented policing?
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What is broken-windows theory?
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Study Notes
Miranda v. Arizona
- Established that confessions from suspects who were not informed of their due process rights cannot serve as evidence in court.
Differences Between Police and Military
- Authority: Military commanders wield greater authority over soldiers compared to police administrators' control over officers.
- Discretion: In the military, major decisions are made at the top levels; in policing, discretion is exercised by individual officers.
- Visibility: Police work is highly visible and subject to public scrutiny, while military operations are less exposed.
Levels of Law Enforcement
- Three tiers of law enforcement exist in the U.S.: federal, state, and local.
- The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is the chief federal agency managing serious crimes on a national scale.
Impact of Terrorism on Law Enforcement
- The Department of Homeland Security was established post-9/11 to primarily focus on terrorism prevention and response.
Military Influence on Police Organization
- Police share a quasi-military structure, focusing on discipline and the controlled use of force.
- Professionalization of police occurred in the 1950s and 1960s, leading to an effective organizational model.
Procedural Law
- Procedural law outlines the rules for how government investigates and prosecutes law violations.
- It exists to prevent government abuse, reflecting the framers' intent to protect citizens from overreach.
Search Authority in the U.S. Constitution
- The Fourth Amendment regulates police searches and seizures, requiring probable cause and judicial oversight.
- Police sometimes attempt to bypass procedural requirements through consent, timing, harassment, or misrepresentation.
Community Policing
- Emphasizes cooperation between law enforcement and community members to combat crime and maintain order.
- An example is neighborhood watch programs that encourage local residents to work together for safety.
Problem-Oriented Policing
- Focuses on addressing the root social issues that lead to crime, shifting police roles from reactive to proactive.
Broken-Windows Theory
- Suggests that neglected property or deviant behavior leads to increased crime.
- Used to justify the removal of homeless individuals and disorderly conduct, even in the absence of broken laws.
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Description
Explore key aspects of criminal justice in this quiz, including landmark cases like Miranda v. Arizona, the roles of police and military, and the three levels of law enforcement in the U.S. Understand how terrorism has shaped modern law enforcement practices. Test your knowledge on these crucial topics!
