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The release of an accused person from custody, for all or part of the time before or during prosecution, on his or her promise to appear in court when required is called a ______.
The release of an accused person from custody, for all or part of the time before or during prosecution, on his or her promise to appear in court when required is called a ______.
bail
An appearance before a magistrate during which the legality of the defendant's arrest is initially assessed and the defendant is informed of the charges of which he or she is being held is called a ______
An appearance before a magistrate during which the legality of the defendant's arrest is initially assessed and the defendant is informed of the charges of which he or she is being held is called a ______
preliminary hearing
A document guaranteeing the appearance of a defendant in court as required and recording the pledge of money or property to be paid to the court if he or she does not appear is called a ______
A document guaranteeing the appearance of a defendant in court as required and recording the pledge of money or property to be paid to the court if he or she does not appear is called a ______
bond
The setting of bail in the form of land, houses, stocks, or other tangible property is called ______
The setting of bail in the form of land, houses, stocks, or other tangible property is called ______
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A law intended to prevent the pretrial release of a criminal defendant judge who is considered a danger to others in the community is called a law intended to prevent the pretrial release of a criminal defendant judge who is considered a danger to others in the community is called a preventative detention law.
A law intended to prevent the pretrial release of a criminal defendant judge who is considered a danger to others in the community is called a law intended to prevent the pretrial release of a criminal defendant judge who is considered a danger to others in the community is called a preventative detention law.
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The imposition of a criminal sanction by a judicial authority is called a ______
The imposition of a criminal sanction by a judicial authority is called a ______
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The use of imprisonment or other means to reduce the likelihood that an offender will commit further offenses is called ______
The use of imprisonment or other means to reduce the likelihood that an offender will commit further offenses is called ______
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The act of taking revenge on a criminal perpetrator is called ______.
The act of taking revenge on a criminal perpetrator is called ______.
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The act of relapsing into a problem or a criminal behavior during or after sanctions or while undergoing intervention due to a previous behavior or crime is called ______
The act of relapsing into a problem or a criminal behavior during or after sanctions or while undergoing intervention due to a previous behavior or crime is called ______
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A goal of criminal sentencing that attempts to make the victim and the community whole again is called ______.
A goal of criminal sentencing that attempts to make the victim and the community whole again is called ______.
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Specialized courts that help reduce recidivism and improve public safety through the use of judicial oversight to apply graduated sanctions and positive reinforcement, to marshal resources to support the prisoner's reintegration, and to promote positive behavior by the returning prisoner are called ______
Specialized courts that help reduce recidivism and improve public safety through the use of judicial oversight to apply graduated sanctions and positive reinforcement, to marshal resources to support the prisoner's reintegration, and to promote positive behavior by the returning prisoner are called ______
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A supervision strategy that uses electronic technology to track offenders who have been sentenced to house arrest or who have been ordered to limit their movements while completing a sentence involving probation or parole is called ______
A supervision strategy that uses electronic technology to track offenders who have been sentenced to house arrest or who have been ordered to limit their movements while completing a sentence involving probation or parole is called ______
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The practice of sentencing offenders to prison, allowing them to apply for probationary release, and surprisingly permitting such release is called ______
The practice of sentencing offenders to prison, allowing them to apply for probationary release, and surprisingly permitting such release is called ______
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The number of probation or parole clients assigned to one probation or parole officer for supervision is called a ______
The number of probation or parole clients assigned to one probation or parole officer for supervision is called a ______
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A state or federal confinement facility that has custodial authority over adults sentenced to confinement is called a ______
A state or federal confinement facility that has custodial authority over adults sentenced to confinement is called a ______
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A correctional model intended to capitalize on the labor of convicts sentenced to confinement is called a ______
A correctional model intended to capitalize on the labor of convicts sentenced to confinement is called a ______
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Federal legislation of 1935 that effectively ended the industrial prison era by restricting interstate commerce in prison-made goods is called the ______
Federal legislation of 1935 that effectively ended the industrial prison era by restricting interstate commerce in prison-made goods is called the ______
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A prison program through which inmates are temporarily released into community to meet job responsibilities is called a ______
A prison program through which inmates are temporarily released into community to meet job responsibilities is called a ______
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The belief, popularized by Robert Martinson in the 1970's, that correctional treatment programs have had little success in rehabilitating offenders is called the ______
The belief, popularized by Robert Martinson in the 1970's, that correctional treatment programs have had little success in rehabilitating offenders is called the ______
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An enclosed facility separated from society both socially and physically, where the inhabitants share all aspects of their daily lives is called a ______
An enclosed facility separated from society both socially and physically, where the inhabitants share all aspects of their daily lives is called a ______
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The value and behavioral patterns characteristics of prison inmates is called ______
The value and behavioral patterns characteristics of prison inmates is called ______
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An inmate group, gang, or organization whose members act together to pose a threat to the safety of correction staff or the public, who prey upon other inmates, or who threaten the secure and orderly operation of a correctional institution is called a ______
An inmate group, gang, or organization whose members act together to pose a threat to the safety of correction staff or the public, who prey upon other inmates, or who threaten the secure and orderly operation of a correctional institution is called a ______
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A policy of non-intervention with regard to prison management that US courts tend to follow until the 1960s. is known as the ______
A policy of non-intervention with regard to prison management that US courts tend to follow until the 1960s. is known as the ______
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It formalized arrangement, usually involving a neutral hearing board, whereby institutionalized individuals have the opportunity to register complaints about the conditions of their confinement is called a ______
It formalized arrangement, usually involving a neutral hearing board, whereby institutionalized individuals have the opportunity to register complaints about the conditions of their confinement is called a ______
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A document filed in juvenile court alleging that a juvenile is delinquent, a status offender, or a dependent and asking that the courts assume jurisdiction over the juvenile is called a ______.
A document filed in juvenile court alleging that a juvenile is delinquent, a status offender, or a dependent and asking that the courts assume jurisdiction over the juvenile is called a ______.
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The condition of being black encompassing all that it means to be black in America is called ______
The condition of being black encompassing all that it means to be black in America is called ______
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Youth who have at some point formally entered both the child welfare and juvenile justice system are called ______
Youth who have at some point formally entered both the child welfare and juvenile justice system are called ______
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A child who commits an act that is contrary to the law by virtue of the offender's status as a child is called a ______
A child who commits an act that is contrary to the law by virtue of the offender's status as a child is called a ______
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An act of conduct that is declared by statute to be an offense, but only when committed by or engaged in by a juvenile and that can be adjudicated only by a juvenile court is called a ______.
An act of conduct that is declared by statute to be an offense, but only when committed by or engaged in by a juvenile and that can be adjudicated only by a juvenile court is called a ______.
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A child who has been physically, sexually, or mentally abused is called a ______.
A child who has been physically, sexually, or mentally abused is called a ______.
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A child who is beyond parental control, as evidenced by his or her refusal to obey legitimate authorities, such as school officials and teachers is called a ______.
A child who is beyond parental control, as evidenced by his or her refusal to obey legitimate authorities, such as school officials and teachers is called a ______.
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In the broadest usage, juvenile actions or conduct in violation of criminal law, juvenile status offenses, and other juvenile behavior is called ______
In the broadest usage, juvenile actions or conduct in violation of criminal law, juvenile status offenses, and other juvenile behavior is called ______
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The aggregate of government agencies that function to investigate, supervised, adjudicate, care for, or confine youth offenders and other children subject to the jurisdiction of juvenile court is called the ______
The aggregate of government agencies that function to investigate, supervised, adjudicate, care for, or confine youth offenders and other children subject to the jurisdiction of juvenile court is called the ______
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______ are charged with or adjudicated for law violations.
______ are charged with or adjudicated for law violations.
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______ is a common law principle that allows the state to assume a parental role and to take custody of a juvenile when he or she becomes delinquent, is abandoned, or is in need of care that natural parents are unable or unwilling to provide.
______ is a common law principle that allows the state to assume a parental role and to take custody of a juvenile when he or she becomes delinquent, is abandoned, or is in need of care that natural parents are unable or unwilling to provide.
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______ A contemporary model of imprisonment based on the principle of just deserts.
______ A contemporary model of imprisonment based on the principle of just deserts.
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______ The number of inmates a prison was intended to hold when it was built or modified.
______ The number of inmates a prison was intended to hold when it was built or modified.
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______ The size of the correctional population an institution can effectively hold.
______ The size of the correctional population an institution can effectively hold.
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______ The number of inmates a prison can effectively accommodate based on management considerations.
______ The number of inmates a prison can effectively accommodate based on management considerations.
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______ The number of inmates a prison can handle according to the judgement of experts.
______ The number of inmates a prison can handle according to the judgement of experts.
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______ A policy that seeks to protect society by incarcerating individuals deemed to be the most dangerous.
______ A policy that seeks to protect society by incarcerating individuals deemed to be the most dangerous.
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______ A system used by prison administrators to assign inmates to custody levels based on offense history, assessed dangerousness, perceived risk of escape and other factors.
______ A system used by prison administrators to assign inmates to custody levels based on offense history, assessed dangerousness, perceived risk of escape and other factors.
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______ A jail that is built and run using the combined resources of a variety of local jurisdictions.
______ A jail that is built and run using the combined resources of a variety of local jurisdictions.
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______ A correctional institution operated by a private firm on behalf of local, state, or federal government.
______ A correctional institution operated by a private firm on behalf of local, state, or federal government.
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______ The movement toward the wider use of private prisons.
______ The movement toward the wider use of private prisons.
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______ The process of negotiating an agreement among the defendants, the prosecutor, and the court as to an appropriate plea and associated sentence in a given case.
______ The process of negotiating an agreement among the defendants, the prosecutor, and the court as to an appropriate plea and associated sentence in a given case.
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______ In criminal proceedings, the defendant's formal answer in court to the charge contained any complaint, information, or indictment that he or she is guilty of the offense charged is not guilty of the offense charge or does not contest the charge.
______ In criminal proceedings, the defendant's formal answer in court to the charge contained any complaint, information, or indictment that he or she is guilty of the offense charged is not guilty of the offense charge or does not contest the charge.
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______ Court rules that govern the admissibility of evidence at a criminal hearing and trials.
______ Court rules that govern the admissibility of evidence at a criminal hearing and trials.
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______ The imposition of a criminal sanction by a judicial authority.
______ The imposition of a criminal sanction by a judicial authority.
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Study Notes
Criminal Justice Procedures
- Release of Accused: Release from custody, for all or part of the time before or during prosecution, is possible on a promise to appear in court.
- Initial Appearance: A court appearance where the legality of an arrest is assessed, and the accused is informed of the charges.
- Bail/Bond: A document guaranteeing court appearance. Money or property is pledged as security. Signed by the accused and possibly others.
- Bail Setting: Tangible property (land, houses, stocks) can be used as bail.
- Preventive Detention: Used to prevent pretrial release if the judge deems the accused a danger to others.
Criminal Sanctions
- Imprisonment: A sanction to reduce the likelihood of further crimes.
- Retaliation: Taking revenge on a criminal.
- Recidivism: Relapsing into criminal behavior, either during or after sanctions, or while undergoing intervention.
- Restorative Practices: Goal of sentencing to make the victim and community whole again.
- Graduated Sanctions: Specialized courts using positive reinforcement/judicial oversight, to reduce recidivism. Aims for prisoner reintegration.
- Electronic Monitoring: Use of technology to track offenders sentenced to house arrest, or those on probation/parole to restrict movement.
Sentencing and Supervision
- House Arrest: Electronic monitoring of offenders confined to their homes, allowing limited, sometimes monitored, leaving during working hours.
- Shock Probation: Sentencing to prison, followed by probationary release (sometimes surprising release). Shock probation may not be available to all offenders.
- Probation or Parole Officers: Manage the supervision of offenders that are sentenced to supervision.
Other Criminal Justice Concepts
- Correctional Treatment Programs: Programs that use different methods to help rehabilitate offenders to prevent recidivism, however, they have had varying levels of success in the past (Martinson report).
- Correctional Facility: A secured enclosed facility separate from society, housing inmates who share daily life aspects.
- Inmate Groups: Organized groups of inmates that threaten correction staff, other inmates, or the community.
- Non-Intervention Policy: A US judicial policy of non-intervention in prison management up until the 1960s.
- Juvenile Court Complaints: Formal documents filed in juvenile court alleging delinquency offenses, or a youth's need for care.
- Black/Racial Identity: Broader societal definition of being black in the US.
- Status Offenses: Acts that are legally categorized as criminal offenses against the law only if committed by a minor (e.g., truancy).
- Juvenile Status: A minor who has committed a crime and is dealt with in the juvenile court system and will be treated differently than an adult.
- Adjudication: The legal process of determining whether a child or juvenile is guilty (or not guilty) of a crime.
Additional Points in Criminal Justice
- Negotiated Plea Bargains: Agreement in criminal proceedings on plea and appropriate sentences.
- Formal Plea/Answer: Accused's formal court response (guilty, not guilty) to the charges.
- Evidence Admissibility: Rules governing what evidence is allowed during criminal hearings/trials.
- Imposition of Sanctions: Implementation of criminal consequences/a judicial decision on punishment.
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Description
This quiz explores crucial aspects of criminal justice, focusing on procedures such as initial appearances, bail settings, and preventive detention. Additionally, it examines various criminal sanctions, including imprisonment, recidivism, and restorative practices. Test your knowledge on these vital components of the legal system.
