Podcast Beta
Questions and Answers
Criminal Investigation is derived from the Latin word “INVESTIGATUS”, which means to ______ or to track.
trace
INVESTIGARE – a Latin word, which means to track or look into for ______.
traces
Criminal Investigation is an art which deals with the identity and location of the ______ and provides evidence of his guilt in criminal proceedings.
offender
Criminal Investigator – is the person who is charged with the duty of carrying the objectives of investigation such as: identify the ______.
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Five Functions of Criminal Investigators: Identification of ______.
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The interrogator may show to be interested only with the minor ______
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The suspect confess to the offense under investigation once desperate, the suspect confess to the ______
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The interrogator convinces the source the futility or uselessness of ______ or the attempt to prevent something by action
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Everyone likes to be heard when he speaks. It is confusing to be interrupted in mid-sentence with an unrelated ______
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The idea in using this approach is to get the source away from the atmosphere of an interrogation room or setting, and may be well effective for those who are apprehensive or frightened ______
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Sketches are prepared to indicate exact location of objects and its relationship to each other and other objects at the crime scene. It is useful in questioning of suspects and witnesses as well as in the writing of investigative reports. Sketches are excellent companions to ____________.
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A smooth or finish sketch is one that is finished and is frequently drawn to scale from the information provided in the rough sketch. If a sketch is drawn to scale, the numbers concerning the distances can be ____________.
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Floor Plan/Over View/Bird’s Eye view - Is the simplest and most common one used in diagramming crime scenes. It may be used in nearly all crime scene situation where the items of interest are located in one plane. It is also the easiest for lay people such jury members/judges to ____________.
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Neighborhood Sketch - It is used to document important items within a large scene involving a large tract of land and/or many buildings. The sketch can show the location of evidence and its relationship to the overall scene, the relationship of each building to one another, the location of major vegetation, fences street signs, path of egress used by the suspects, the location of witnesses in relation to the scene. Its up to the discretion of investigator what should be included or excluded in the ____________.
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Computer-Aided Crime Scene Sketching - Sophisticated software makes it possible for investigators to generate professional crime scene drawings as well as ______ of motor vehicles accidents. Draw.
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Identification by the Method of Operation (Modus Operandi) Confession – is a direct acknowledgment by the accused in a criminal case of the truth of his guilt as to the crime charged or of some parts of the commission of the criminal act itself. Admission – is the statement of facts by the accused in a criminal case which does not directly involve the acknowledgment of guilt in the commission of crimes for which he is charged. Additional requirements for confession to prove the guilt of the accused. a. It must be supported by other corroborative/give support evidence. b. Corpus delicti (body of the crime) must be established separately. c. The confession must be voluntary and freely given. 6 Corroborative evidence - refers to the kind of evidence that is required to support the existing evidence. thus taking an example a child says that X kills Y, thus since the child cannot 100% be trusted then there must be a need of another evidence to support such evidence. What are the methods of identification of witness. 1. Verbal description 2. Photographic files 3. General photograph 4. Artist’s assistance 5. The “Police Line-up” Police line-up is the customary means of identification of a suspect. when conducted properly, it is considered more accurate than the other methods. A lineup is a police identification procedure in which the suspect of a crime is exhibited with a number of other participants so that a witness can identify him. Lineup is used as a means of selecting a suspect from a group of similar-looking persons. The purpose of the lineup is the elimination of the power of suggestion as a factor in identification. Appearance. The person participating in the lineup should have the same general appearance as the suspect with the respect to race, sex, height, hair and clothing. Person known to the witness should not be used in lineup LOCATION. Lineup should be held in a room away from the public view so that there is little opportunity for disturbance. The room must at least be large enough to accommodate six lineup participant side by side while still leaving room for their freedom of movement. POSITION. The suspect should be permitted to select his own position in lineup. This can be done after the investigator has left the room to bring in the witness. WITNESS CONDUCT. The witness should be instructed before entering the lineup room that the suspect may or not be among the persons in the group and that he should simply enter the room and study the group without pointing, shaking his head or otherwise indicating a decisions. The witness is given a form on which he can indicate his selection. The form consist of numbered boxes to represent the positions of each member of the lineup and an additional box to indicate no selection while the lineup participants are in view, the witness marks the appropriate box. He should not state whether he has recognized the suspect until he left the room. WITNESS’S CONDUCT (cont). The suspect should not be made aware of any decision on the part of the witness, since this knowledge may interfere with techniques that the investigator is using. Where, however, the witness positively identified the suspect, the investigator may wish to confront the suspect with the witness in order to induce a confession Conduct of Members of lineup. The lineup members should not talk while in the room unless voice identification is required. CONDUCT OF MEMBERS OF LINEUP (Cont). Before bringing in the witness, the investigator should determine whether it will be necessary to the lineup members wear hats, walk, show certain physical areas, sit down, or otherwise demonstrate any characteristics. If during the lineup the witness desire the lineup members to perform certain actions, he should communicate this information in a quite aside to the investigator. PROCEDURE To conduct a lineup, a group of six including the suspect should be assembled. The procedure is designed to provide for an accurate and reliable identification. 7 In here, the suspect is identified by fictitious witnesses or victims who will associate him with different offenses. Once desperate, the suspect confess to the offense under investigation. REVERSE LINEUP Identification based on circumstantial evidence to produce a conviction of the accused Circumstantial evidence may be sufficient to produce conviction if the following circumstances are present: a. When there are more than one circumstances present, b. When the facts from which the inferences are derived are proven; c. When the combination of all the circumstances is such as to produce a conviction beyond reasonable doubt. By the Identification based on Associative evidence These are physical evidence which may identify the criminal by means of clues, personal properties, or the characteristic pattern of procedure deduced from the arrangement of objects at the crime scene. Identification by the Method of Operation (Modus Operandi) The modus operandi file enables the investigators to recognize a pattern of criminal behavior exhibited by the suspect. The investigator can also detect thru the files that a series of crimes committed were done by a single criminal and therefore, he can predict and approximate the next target of the criminal in the future. HOW TO TRACE AND LOCATE CRIMINALS. A. Tracing and locating the criminals through the use of informants Informer - a person who gives information in to the investigator in exchange of a price or reward. Informant – a person who gives information to the investigator. Confidential informant – is a person who provides an investigator information concerning a past or projected crime and does not wish to be known as the source of information. Types of Informants: 1. Anonymous informant – this is an anonymous telephone caller or letter writer who give information about the suspect. 2. Rival – elimination informant – usually anonymous.
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The undercover investigator establishes residence in or near the dwelling which houses the subject in order to maintain constant contact with the home life of the subject. This type of assignment is known as a dwelling ____________
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The work assignment places the investigator in a type of employment where he can observe the activities of the subject at his place of ____________
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A personal contact assignment is a special undercover assignment in which the undercover investigator is required to develop the friendship and trust of a target personalities for the purpose of obtaining information and ____________
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In a multiple assignment, a single undercover investigator is given the task of covering two or more of the above specific assignments simultaneously. This type of assignment produces extensive information with minimum expenditure of personnel, but the danger of compromise is more ____________
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Criminal Investigation is an art which deals with the identity and location of the ______ and provides evidence of his guilt in criminal proceedings.
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Reactive Response - acting in response to a situation rather than creating or controlling it. 2. Proactive Response - creating or controlling a situation by causing something to happen rather than responding to it after it has happened. 3. Preventive Response - keep something undesirable such as illness, harm, or accidents from occurring. WHO CONDUCTS ______.
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FICTITIOUS INVESTIGATORS – not real or true, being imaginary or having been fabricated. 2. GOVERNMENT INVESTIGATORS – Examples of this category of investigators are the police investigators (CIDG Officers, NBI Agent) and BIR Inspectors. 3. PRIVATE DETECTIVES – These are hired private people who conduct investigations either directly or indirectly, those employed by private attorneys to called information or evidence. 6TYPES OF ______
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Formal Investigation – it is usually done by the police to discover facts concerning a civil or criminal case. 2. 2Inquest – it is used to describe a form of judicial inquiry. It is conducted by Public prosecutors to determined of legal grounds exist in filling a criminal complainant against a person. 3. Inquisition – it simply refers to any penetrating investigation concerning a religious issue. 4. ______
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The key tool in criminal investigation is the information. It is the most powerful weapon of investigators, more powerful than gun or money. (BGen. Macasiano 1991). As an investigative aid, it is the means by which queries can be answered. The significance of information can be understood by what Rudyard Kipling has said: I keep six honest men They thought me all I know; Their names are what and why and when And how and where and who. Napoleon bonaparte - one spy in a right place is worth a thousand soldier who introduce 5w's and 1 h. rudyard kipling 6 CARDINAL POINTS OF ______
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Jonathan Wild- became London’s most effective criminal investigator for pioneering the logic of EMPLOYING A THIEF TO CATCH A THIEF. Henry Fielding- wrote the novel “Tom Jones” appointed as magistrate/judge for Westminster and Middlesex in London. BOW STREET RUNNERS Sir John Fielding- younger brother of Henry Fielding, took over the control of the Bow Street Court in 1753. Sir Robert Peel- founded Metropolitan Police or THE SCOTLANDYARD. TEXAS RANGERS- organized as first law enforcement agency with statewide investigative authority, the forerunner of the FBI. Charles Dickens- author of “The Bleak House’, introduced the term “detective” to the English Language. Allan Pinkerton- Became the America’s most famous private investigator. Founder of American criminal Investigation System. Kate Wayne- was the first woman detective hired by Pinkerton. Jesse James Gang made the first bank hold-up which marked the beginning of the gang’s 15-year hold-up and robbery spree. Alphonse Bertillion- A French police clerk introduced the first systematic identification system based on Anthropometry or ANTHOPOMETRICAL SIGNAMENT. Recognized as the founder of Criminal Identification. Dr. Arthur Conan Doyle- popularized scientific criminal investigation by creating the fictional detectives SHERLOCK HOLMES and his friend Dr. Watson Holmes. Anthropometry (from Greek anthropos, “human” and metron, “measure”) refers to the measurement of the human individual. An early tool of physical anthropology, it has been used for identification for the purposes of understanding human physical variation. 1961, U.S.A.- Mapp vs. Ohio (376 vs. 584) - this criminal case, the Supreme Court ruled that illegally obtained evidence is inadmissible in state criminal prosecutions. This case established the DOCTRINE OF THE POISONOUS TREE. 1811- Eugene Francois Vidocq established a squad of ex-convicts to aid the Paris Police in investigating crimes and he worked under the theory of SET A THIEF TO CATCH A THIEF. He was credited as the Father of LA SURETE, France National Detective Organization. Surete - the French police department of criminal investigation. 1833- In England, London’s Metropolitan Police Force employed the first undercover officer. 2 Undercover - is an investigative technique in which the investigator conceals his true identity and status and adopts an assumed role in order to obtain access to information or evidence which would not be available through other investigative means. Types of Undercover Assignments a. HISTORICAL ______
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The suspect confess to the offense under investigation once desperate, the suspect confess to the ______
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Everyone likes to be heard when he speaks. It is confusing to be interrupted in mid-sentence with an unrelated ______
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The interrogator convinces the source the futility or uselessness of ______ or the attempt to prevent something by action
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The work assignment places the investigator in a type of employment where he can observe the activities of the subject at his place of ______
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INVESTIGARE – a Latin word, which means to track or look into for ______
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Criminal Investigation is derived from the Latin word “INVESTIGATUS”, which means to ______ or to track.
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Criminal Investigation is an art which deals with the identity and location of the ______ and provides evidence of his guilt in criminal proceedings.
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A smooth or finish sketch is one that is finished and is frequently drawn to scale from the information provided in the rough sketch. If a sketch is drawn to scale, the numbers concerning the distances can be ______.
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The interrogator convinces the source the futility or uselessness of ______ or the attempt to prevent something by action.
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The key tool in criminal investigation is the information. It is the most powerful weapon of investigators, more powerful than gun or money. (BGen. Macasiano 1991). As an investigative aid, it is the means by which queries can be answered. The significance of information can be understood by what Rudyard Kipling has said: I keep six honest men They thought me all I know; Their names are what and why and when And how and where and who. Napoleon bonaparte - one spy in a right place is worth a thousand soldier who introduce 5w's and 1 h. rudyard kipling 6 CARDINAL POINTS OF ______
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Reactive Response - acting in response to a situation rather than creating or controlling it. 2. Proactive Response - creating or controlling a situation by causing something to happen rather than responding to it after it has happened. 3. Preventive Response - keep something undesirable such as illness, harm, or accidents from occurring. WHO CONDUCTS ______.
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Formal Investigation – it is usually done by the police to discover facts concerning a civil or criminal case. 2. 2Inquest – it is used to describe a form of judicial inquiry. It is conducted by Public prosecutors to determined of legal grounds exist in filling a criminal complainant against a person. 3. Inquisition – it simply refers to any penetrating investigation concerning a religious issue. 4. ______
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Sketches are prepared to indicate exact location of objects and its relationship to each other and other objects at the crime scene. It is useful in questioning of suspects and witnesses as well as in the writing of investigative reports. Sketches are excellent companions to ______
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A smooth or finish sketch is one that is finished and is frequently drawn to scale from the information provided in the rough sketch. If a sketch is drawn to scale, the numbers concerning the distances can be ______
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A personal contact assignment is a special undercover assignment in which the undercover investigator is required to develop the friendship and trust of a target personalities for the purpose of obtaining information and ______
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The undercover investigator establishes residence in or near the dwelling which houses the subject in order to maintain constant contact with the home life of the subject. This type of assignment is known as a dwelling ________
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The work assignment places the investigator in a type of employment where he can observe the activities of the subject at his place of ________
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In a multiple assignment, a single undercover investigator is given the task of covering two or more of the above specific assignments simultaneously. This type of assignment produces extensive information with minimum expenditure of personnel, but the danger of compromise is more ________
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Sketches are prepared to indicate exact location of objects and its relationship to each other and other objects at the crime scene. It is useful in questioning of suspects and witnesses as well as in the writing of investigative reports. Sketches are excellent companions to ________
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The interrogator may show to be interested only with the minor ________
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Sketches are prepared to indicate exact location of objects and its relationship to each other and other objects at the crime scene. It is useful in questioning of suspects and witnesses as well as in the writing of investigative reports. Sketches are excellent companions to ____________.
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Criminal Investigator – is the person who is charged with the duty of carrying the objectives of investigation such as: identify the ______.
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The suspect confess to the offense under investigation once desperate, the suspect confess to the ______
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The work assignment places the investigator in a type of employment where he can observe the activities of the subject at his place of ______
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Criminal Investigation is derived from the Latin word “INVESTIGATUS”, which means to ______ or to track.
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The modus operandi file enables the investigators to recognize a pattern of criminal behavior exhibited by the suspect. The investigator can also detect thru the files that a series of crimes committed were done by a single criminal and therefore, he can predict and approximate the next target of the criminal in the future. HOW TO TRACE AND LOCATE CRIMINALS. A. Tracing and locating the criminals through the use of informants Informer - a person who gives information in to the investigator in exchange of a price or reward. Informant – a person who gives information to the investigator. Confidential informant – is a person who provides an investigator information concerning a past or projected crime and does not wish to be known as the source of information. Types of Informants: 1. Anonymous informant – this is an anonymous telephone caller or letter writer who give information about the suspect. 2. Rival – elimination informant – usually anonymous. Formal Investigation – it is usually done by the police to discover facts concerning a civil or criminal case. 2. 2Inquest – it is used to describe a form of judicial inquiry. It is conducted by Public prosecutors to determined of legal grounds exist in filling a criminal complainant against a person. 3. Inquisition – it simply refers to any penetrating investigation concerning a religious issue. 4. ______
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Jonathan Wild- became London’s most effective criminal investigator for pioneering the logic of EMPLOYING A THIEF TO CATCH A THIEF. Henry Fielding- wrote the novel “Tom Jones” appointed as magistrate/judge for Westminster and Middlesex in London. BOW STREET RUNNERS Sir John Fielding- younger brother of Henry Fielding, took over the control of the Bow Street Court in 1753. Sir Robert Peel- founded Metropolitan Police or THE SCOTLANDYARD. TEXAS RANGERS- organized as first law enforcement agency with statewide investigative authority, the forerunner of the FBI. Charles Dickens- author of “The Bleak House’, introduced the term “detective” to the English Language. Allan Pinkerton- Became the America’s most famous private investigator. Founder of American criminal Investigation System. Kate Wayne- was the first woman detective hired by Pinkerton. Jesse James Gang made the first bank hold-up which marked the beginning of the gang’s 15-year hold-up and robbery spree. Alphonse Bertillion- A French police clerk introduced the first systematic identification system based on Anthropometry or ANTHOPOMETRICAL SIGNAMENT. Recognized as the founder of Criminal Identification. Dr. Arthur Conan Doyle- popularized scientific criminal investigation by creating the fictional detectives SHERLOCK HOLMES and his friend Dr. Watson Holmes. Anthropometry (from Greek anthropos, “human” and metron, “measure”) refers to the measurement of the human individual. An early tool of physical anthropology, it has been used for identification for the purposes of understanding human physical variation. 1961, U.S.A.- Mapp vs. Ohio (376 vs. 584) - this criminal case, the Supreme Court ruled that illegally obtained evidence is inadmissible in state criminal prosecutions. This case established the DOCTRINE OF THE POISONOUS TREE. 1811- Eugene Francois Vidocq established a squad of ex-convicts to aid the Paris Police in investigating crimes and he worked under the theory of SET A THIEF TO CATCH A THIEF. He was credited as the Father of LA SURETE, France National Detective Organization. Surete - the French police department of criminal investigation. 1833- In England, London’s Metropolitan Police Force employed the first undercover officer. 2 Undercover - is an investigative technique in which the investigator conceals his true identity and status and adopts an assumed role in order to obtain access to information or evidence which would not be available through other investigative means. Types of Undercover Assignments a. HISTORICAL ______
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Criminal Investigation is an art which deals with the identity and location of the ______ and provides evidence of his guilt in criminal proceedings.
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The interrogator may show to be interested only with the minor ______
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The suspect confess to the offense under investigation once desperate, the suspect confess to the ______
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The key tool in criminal investigation is the information. It is the most powerful weapon of investigators, more powerful than gun or money. (BGen. Macasiano 1991). As an investigative aid, it is the means by which queries can be answered. The significance of information can be understood by what Rudyard Kipling has said: I keep six honest men They thought me all I know; Their names are what and why and when And how and where and who. Napoleon bonaparte - one spy in a right place is worth a thousand soldier who introduce 5w's and 1 h. rudyard kipling 6 CARDINAL POINTS OF ______
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Sketches are prepared to indicate exact location of objects and its relationship to each other and other objects at the crime scene. It is useful in questioning of suspects and witnesses as well as in the writing of investigative reports. Sketches are excellent companions to ______
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The suspect confess to the offense under investigation once desperate, the suspect confess to the ______
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Criminal Investigator – is the person who is charged with the duty of carrying the objectives of investigation such as: identify the ______.
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Criminal Investigation is derived from the Latin word “INVESTIGATUS”, which means to ______ or to track.
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The undercover investigator establishes residence in or near the dwelling which houses the subject in order to maintain constant contact with the home life of the subject. This type of assignment is known as a dwelling ________
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Sketches are prepared to indicate exact location of objects and its relationship to each other and other objects at the crime scene. It is useful in questioning of suspects and witnesses as well as in the writing of investigative reports. Sketches are excellent companions to ________
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The suspect confess to the offense under investigation once desperate, the suspect confess to the ______
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The work assignment places the investigator in a type of employment where he can observe the activities of the subject at his place of ______
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In a multiple assignment, a single undercover investigator is given the task of covering two or more of the above specific assignments simultaneously. This type of assignment produces extensive information with minimum expenditure of personnel, but the danger of compromise is more ________
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Reactive Response - acting in response to a situation rather than creating or controlling it. 2. Proactive Response - creating or controlling a situation by causing something to happen rather than responding to it after it has happened. 3. Preventive Response - keep something undesirable such as illness, harm, or accidents from occurring. WHO CONDUCTS ______.
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Sketches are prepared to indicate exact location of objects and its relationship to each other and other objects at the crime scene. It is useful in questioning of suspects and witnesses as well as in the writing of investigative reports. Sketches are excellent companions to ______
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The suspect confess to the offense under investigation once desperate, the suspect confess to the ______
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The work assignment places the investigator in a type of employment where he can observe the activities of the subject at his place of ______
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Criminal Investigation is an art which deals with the identity and location of the ______ and provides evidence of his guilt in criminal proceedings.
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The suspect confess to the offense under investigation once desperate, the suspect confess to the ______
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Criminal Investigation is an art which deals with the identity and location of the ______ and provides evidence of his guilt in criminal proceedings.
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The work assignment places the investigator in a type of employment where he can observe the activities of the subject at his place of ________
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Sketches are prepared to indicate exact location of objects and its relationship to each other and other objects at the crime scene. It is useful in questioning of suspects and witnesses as well as in the writing of investigative reports. Sketches are excellent companions to ________.
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INVESTIGARE – a Latin word, which means to track or look into for ______
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The key tool in criminal investigation is the information. It is the most powerful weapon of investigators, more powerful than gun or money. (BGen. Macasiano 1991). As an investigative aid, it is the means by which queries can be answered. The significance of information can be understood by what Rudyard Kipling has said: I keep six honest men They thought me all I know; Their names are what and why and when And how and where and who. Napoleon bonaparte - one spy in a right place is worth a thousand soldier who introduce 5w's and 1 h. rudyard kipling 6 CARDINAL POINTS OF ______
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The key tool in criminal investigation is the information. It is the most powerful weapon of investigators, more powerful than gun or money. (BGen. Macasiano 1991). As an investigative aid, it is the means by which queries can be answered. The significance of information can be understood by what Rudyard Kipling has said: I keep six honest men They thought me all I know; Their names are what and why and when And how and where and who. Napoleon bonaparte - one spy in a right place is worth a thousand soldier who introduce 5w's and 1 h. rudyard kipling 6 CARDINAL POINTS OF ______
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A smooth or finish sketch is one that is finished and is frequently drawn to scale from the information provided in the rough sketch. If a sketch is drawn to scale, the numbers concerning the distances can be ______
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Sketches are prepared to indicate exact location of objects and its relationship to each other and other objects at the crime scene. It is useful in questioning of suspects and witnesses as well as in the writing of investigative reports. Sketches are excellent companions to ______
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The interrogator convinces the source the futility or uselessness of ______ or the attempt to prevent something by action
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The modus operandi file enables the investigators to recognize a pattern of criminal behavior exhibited by the suspect. The investigator can also detect thru the files that a series of crimes committed were done by a single criminal and therefore, he can predict and approximate the next target of the criminal in the future. HOW TO TRACE AND LOCATE CRIMINALS. A. Tracing and locating the criminals through the use of informants Informer - a person who gives information in to the investigator in exchange of a price or reward. Informant – a person who gives information to the investigator. Confidential informant – is a person who provides an investigator information concerning a past or projected crime and does not wish to be known as the source of information. Types of Informants: 1. Anonymous informant – this is an anonymous telephone caller or letter writer who give information about the suspect. 2. Rival – elimination informant – usually anonymous. Formal Investigation – it is usually done by the police to discover facts concerning a civil or criminal case. 2. 2Inquest – it is used to describe a form of judicial inquiry. It is conducted by Public prosecutors to determined of legal grounds exist in filling a criminal complainant against a person. 3. Inquisition – it simply refers to any penetrating investigation concerning a religious issue. 4. ______
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Reactive Response - acting in response to a situation rather than creating or controlling it. 2. Proactive Response - creating or controlling a situation by causing something to happen rather than responding to it after it has happened. 3. Preventive Response - keep something undesirable such as illness, harm, or accidents from occurring. WHO CONDUCTS ______.
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FICTITIOUS INVESTIGATORS – not real or true, being imaginary or having been fabricated. 2. GOVERNMENT INVESTIGATORS – Examples of this category of investigators are the police investigators (CIDG Officers, NBI Agent) and BIR Inspectors. 3. PRIVATE DETECTIVES – These are hired private people who conduct investigations either directly or indirectly, those employed by private attorneys to called information or evidence. 6TYPES OF ______
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The idea in using this approach is to get the source away from the atmosphere of an interrogation room or setting, and may be well effective for those who are apprehensive or frightened ______
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Criminal Investigator – is the person who is charged with the duty of carrying the objectives of investigation such as: identify the ______
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Study Notes
Criminal Investigation Overview
- Originates from the Latin "INVESTIGATUS," meaning to track or pursue.
- Encompasses the identity and location of suspects, providing evidence for legal proceedings.
- Criminal Investigator fulfills the role of identifying suspects and gathering crucial evidence.
Functions of Criminal Investigators
- Identification of suspects is paramount.
- Interrogation strategies may lead suspects to confess when feeling desperate or convinced of futility in denial.
Importance of Effective Communication
- Listeners appreciate being heard; interruptions can hinder effective communication.
- Creating a comfortable atmosphere for interviews can yield better responses from hesitant or frightened witnesses.
Sketching Techniques in Investigation
- Crime scene sketches clarify the location and relationships between objects, aiding in questioning and reports.
- Finished sketches often draw to scale, allowing for accurate distance measurements.
- Various types of sketches include floor plans, neighborhood sketches, and computer-aided designs.
Identification Methods
- Various identification methods include:
- Verbal descriptions
- Photographic files
- Artist assistance
- Police line-ups, requiring similar appearance among participants to avoid suggestion bias.
Line-Up Procedures
- Conducted in a controlled environment away from public view to minimize disturbances.
- Witnesses are instructed to study line-up participants without indicating any decisions during observation.
- May include voice identification if necessary.
Types of Informants
- Informants provide information, either for reward or confidentiality.
- Categories include anonymous informants and confidential informants supplying insight into criminal activities.
Recognizing Criminal Patterns
- The modus operandi (MO) file allows investigators to detect patterns of criminal behavior, aiding in predicting future crimes.
- Circumstantial and associative evidence can establish a connection to suspects based on gathered clues.
Undercover Operations
- Undercover assignments vary, allowing investigators to maintain close contact with subjects and gather critical intel.
- Personal contact assignments build trust with suspects to extract information.
Historical Figures in Criminal Investigation
- Jonathan Wild employed the strategy of “employing a thief to catch a thief.”
- Sir Robert Peel founded the Metropolitan Police, known as Scotland Yard.
- Allan Pinkerton established the American criminal investigation system, recognized for his private detective agency.
- Alphonse Bertillon developed the first systematic identification system based on anthropometry.
Legal Precedents
- Mapp vs. Ohio (1961) established that illegally obtained evidence is inadmissible, introducing the "doctrine of the poisonous tree."
- Eugene Francois Vidocq, known as the “Father of La Surete,” pioneered detective work with ex-convicts in the Paris Police.
Core Principles of Investigation
- Proactive responses shape situations, while reactive responses occur in reaction to events.
- The significance of information in criminal investigation is paramount, surpassing physical tools.### Investigative Concepts
- Formal Investigation: Conducted by police, aimed at uncovering facts in civil or criminal cases.
- Inquest: A judicial inquiry led by public prosecutors to assess legal grounds for criminal complaints.
- Inquisition: A thorough investigation focusing on religious issues.
Key Figures in Criminal Investigation
- Jonathan Wild: Revolutionized criminal investigation by employing criminals to catch thieves.
- Henry Fielding: Wrote "Tom Jones" and served as a magistrate in London; established Bow Street Runners.
- Sir John Fielding: Succeeded Henry Fielding as head of Bow Street Court in 1753.
- Sir Robert Peel: Founded the Metropolitan Police, also known as Scotland Yard.
- Texas Rangers: The first state law enforcement agency, a precursor to the FBI.
- Charles Dickens: Coined the term "detective" in his work "Bleak House".
- Allan Pinkerton: Renowned American private investigator; established the system of criminal investigation in the U.S.
- Kate Wayne: First female detective under Pinkerton.
- Alphonse Bertillion: Introduced anthropometry for criminal identification, known as the father of criminal identification.
- Dr. Arthur Conan Doyle: Created Sherlock Holmes, popularizing scientific crime investigation.
Legal Precedents
- Mapp vs. Ohio (1961): Supreme Court ruling that barred illegally obtained evidence in state prosecutions, establishing the "Doctrine of the Poisonous Tree".
- Eugene Francois Vidocq: Established a squad of ex-convicts for the Paris Police, known as the father of "La Surete", France's national detective organization.
Investigative Techniques
- Undercover Operations: Involve concealing an investigator's true identity to gather information unobtainable through normal means.
- Sketch Preparation: Essential for documenting crime scenes, aiding in suspect interrogation and report writing.
- Information as a Tool: Considered the most potent tool in investigations, surpassing the power of weapons or money.
Criminal Investigation Fundamentals
- Criminal Investigator: Tasked with identifying suspects and collecting evidence of guilt in criminal proceedings.
- Tracing and Locating Criminals: Utilizes informants to gather intelligence on suspects.
- Types of Informants: Include anonymous informants, rival elimination informants, and confidential informants.
Investigative Approaches
- Reactive Response: Responding to situations after they occur.
- Proactive Response: Creating or influencing events to occur.
- Preventive Response: Stopping undesirable events before they happen.
Important Terminology
- Sketches: Visual representations to relate the positions and relationships of objects at a crime scene.
- Modus Operandi File: Helps identify patterns in criminal behavior, aiding in predicting future crimes.
- Fictitious Investigators: Imaginary or fabricated figures in investigations.
- Government and Private Investigators: Police and private detectives who gather evidence and conduct inquiries.
Summary of Skills and Techniques
- Information Gathering: Formulated through questions like who, what, when, how, and why, as endorsed by Rudyard Kipling.
- Surveillance: Investigators may maintain constant observation of subjects, including living close by during undercover assignments.
- The Art of Investigation: Focuses on locating perpetrators and gathering evidentiary material to support legal actions.
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Description
Test your knowledge of criminal investigation techniques with this quiz. Explore scenarios involving different kinds of offenses, line-up identifications, and suspect confessions.
