Questions and Answers
What is the primary goal of a criminal investigation?
What is a key challenge for police investigators in developing their thinking skills?
Why is criminal investigation considered an art rather than a science?
What is the definition of a criminal?
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What skills are required to be an effective investigator?
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What is the general rule regarding a person being considered a criminal?
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What is the etymology of the term 'investigation'?
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What is the threefold aim of criminal investigation according to the PNP manual?
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What is the underlying principle behind the science of dactyloscopy (Finger Printing)?
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What is necessary to supplement the use of scientific methods in criminal investigation?
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Study Notes
Introduction to Criminal Investigation
- Criminal investigation is a multi-faceted problem-solving challenge that requires preserving the crime scene, collecting evidence, and developing an investigative plan to identify and arrest responsible individuals.
- Effective criminal investigation demands both task skills and thinking skills, which need to be consciously developed and utilized.
- Trained thinking and response may be difficult to develop and incorporate into personal repertoires, but it is essential for effective investigation.
Definition of Criminal Investigation
- Criminal investigation is an art that deals with identifying and locating offenders, and providing evidence of their guilt through criminal proceedings.
- It is not a science, but instead relies on intuition, inspiration, and chance.
- The primary goal of criminal investigation is to determine the truth: what happened and who is responsible for a criminal incident.
Key Concepts
- A criminal refers to a person who has committed a crime, been arrested, prosecuted, convicted, and sentenced to prison.
- A general rule states that no person shall be regarded as criminal unless they have committed a crime, been given due process, and been found guilty by a competent court.
- Investigation refers to the process of conducting an official detailed examination or inquiry to discover something or somebody.
- Crime is an act or omission punishable by law, deserving punishment or penalty.
Etymology of Investigation
- The term "investigation" derives from the Latin word "Vestigare," which means to track, trace, probe, observe, study closely, inquire into something systematically, and search for truthful information.
Criminal Investigation Based on the PNP Manual
- According to the PNP manual, criminal investigation refers to the collection of facts to accomplish a threefold aim:
- Identify the guilty party
- Locate the guilty party
- Provide evidence of their guilt
Nature of Criminal Investigation
- Criminal investigation can be considered both a science and an art.
- As a science, criminal investigation applies scientific knowledge based on fixed principles, such as the principle of individuality in dactyloscopy (fingerprinting).
- As an art, criminal investigation relies on intuition, inspiration, and chance.
- The criminal investigation process involves analyzing investigated and gathered facts about persons, things, places, and subjects of a crime to identify the guilty party, locate their whereabouts, and provide admissible evidence.
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Description
Learn the basics of criminal investigation, including preserving the crime scene, collecting evidence, and forming an investigative plan to identify and arrest suspects.