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Quipu is a system of knotted ropes used by the Inca civilization to keep records that only experts can interpret, equating to ______ codes or signals in modern times.
secret
The Aztec civilization introduced chocolates, known as cacao, which was used as ______ and even as a tribute to gods.
currency
Antispasmodic medication used by ancient civilizations like the Aztecs included the passion flower to prevent muscle spasms and relax muscles, aiding in ______.
surgery
Chinampas were rectangular agricultural areas surrounded by canals, associated with the ______ civilization.
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The Olmec civilization is known for its monumental sacred complexes, massive stone sculptures, ball games, the drinking of chocolate, and the representation of the Animal god, Seated Figure, and Bird-Shaped ______.
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India is known for its contributions to the development of knowledge, particularly in the field of Iron and ______ works.
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In the early Philippine scientific development, the first inhabitants arrived by a land bridge in Palawan & Batangas around __________ years ago.
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The 'Dawnmen' (or 'cavemen') and 'Aetas' or 'Negritoes' were the early inhabitants known to use simple tools & weapons made of __________.
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The Spanish arrival in the Philippines in ________ found a primitive level of technological development.
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During early Philippine engagement in science, they had knowledge of the curative values of plants, including medicine extraction from __________.
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The early Filipinos had an alphabet, a system of writing, a method of counting, weights, and measures, but no __________.
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The Manila Galleon trade caused neglect of agriculture & mining, as well as the decline of native handicrafts/industries, with the exception of __________ which was entirely done by Filipinos.
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One of the regions of the world where the agricultural revolution arose independently great civilizations of Mesoamerica were built upon foods such as maize, beans, and ______.
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Prior to European colonization, Mezoamerica had a rich ______.
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The Mayan civilization was known to be good in ______.
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The Mayans developed the concept of ______.
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In Inca civilization, communication was accomplished by runners known as ______.
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The Inca civilization built earthquake-resilient stone ______.
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Study Notes
Mesoamerica
- Comprises modern-day countries of northern Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras, El Salvador, Guatemala, Belize, and central to southern Mexico.
- One of the regions where the agricultural revolution arose independently.
- Great civilizations were built upon foods like maize, beans, and squash.
- Rich culture prior to European colonization.
Maya Civilization
- Lasted for 2,000 years.
- Known for:
- Good in astronomy, using temples for astronomical observation.
- Technology to grow crops and build elaborate cities with hydraulics systems.
- Looms for weaving and other work of arts.
- Producing rubber.
- Hieroglyphics (sacred writing) and development of the concept of zero.
- Worshiping more than 150 Gods.
- The Mayan Numerical System is vigesimal (based on 20).
- The Mayan Writing System uses hieroglyphics.
Inca Civilization
- Roads were paved with stone and were earthquake resilient.
- Communication was accomplished by runners on the roads (fast young men called "chaskis").
- Quipu - a system of knotted ropes to keep records, similar to secret codes or signals in modern times.
- Textiles were regarded for artistic achievements.
Aztec Civilization
- Introduced mandatory education.
- Introduced chocolates (Theobroma "food of the gods").
- Used cacao as currency and as a tribute to gods.
- Developed antispasmodic medication using the passion flower.
- Chinampa - rectangular agricultural areas surrounded by canals.
Olmec Civilization
- Name means "rubber people" (ōlli meaning "natural rubber" and mēcatl meaning "people").
- Known for:
- Monumental sacred complexes.
- Massive stone sculptures.
- Ball games.
- The drinking of chocolate.
- Animal god Seated Figure Bird-Shaped Vessel.
Development of Science in Asia
- Civilizations in Asia made significant contributions to the development of knowledge.
Roots of Early Philippine Scientific Development
- First inhabitants arrived in the Philippines 50,000 years ago via a land bridge in Palawan and Batangas.
- Early inhabitants were known as "Dawnmen" (or "cavemen") and "Aetas" or "Negritoes".
- In the next 40,000 years, simple tools and weapons were developed, eventually using metal smelting.
- In 1521, Spanish arrived in the Philippines and found simple levels of technological development.
- Engagement in science was basically primitive, with knowledge of curative values of plants and medicine extraction from herbs.
- They had an alphabet, a system of writing, a method of counting, weights, and measure.
- No calendar, counted years by the moon, and from one harvest to another.
- Development of schools (Colegio de San Ildefonso in Cebu and Colegio de San Ignacio in Manila), the first educational institutions in Asia by Europeans.
- Development of hospitals and orphanages.
- Manila Galleon trade (Spanish trading ships) caused neglect of agriculture and mining, as well as the decline of native handicrafts/industries.
- Only shipbuilding was entirely by Filipinos, showcasing excellent work and abstruse science and math capability.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the development of science in Mesoamerica, which includes modern-day countries like Mexico, Guatemala, and Honduras. Explore the rich culture and civilizations that arose independently in this region, based on foods like maize, beans, and squash.
