CPR and First Aid Basics

• This notebook covers CPR and first aid.
• It contains key information about how to prepare for, respond to, and apply CPR in emergency situations.
• It focuses on how to apply first aid to different types of injuries.

Situations Requiring a 911 Call

• No signs of life
• Unconsciousness
• Deep burn on the face
• Trouble breathing
• No breathing
• Apparent poisoning
• Severe bleeding that does not stop
• Vomiting blood
• Pain in the abdomen
• Seizures
• Injury to the head
• Injured arm with bone showing

Key Vocabulary

• Angina
• Myocardial infarction
• Hypertension
• Embolism
• EKG
• Artery
• Cardiac arrest

Important Acronyms

• D.R.A.B.C. stand for Danger, Response, Airway, Breathing, Circulation.
• F.A.S.T. stands for Face, Arms, Speech, and Time.

Emergency Preparedness

• Having a kit stocked with batteries and a flashlight is essential.
• Establishing meeting places and emergency contact are key aspects of planning.
• Staying informed about likely disasters and CPR knowledge is important.

Primary Survey

• D for Danger: checking the scene for safety.
• R for Response: checking for responsiveness.
• A for Airway: ensuring the airway is clear.
• B for Breathing: checking for breathing.
• C for Circulation: verifying circulation.

Life-Threatening Situations

• No signs of a pulse
• No breathing
• Severe bleeding
• Unconsciousness
• Trouble breathing

C.P.R. Acronym

• C.P.R. stands for Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation.

Cardiac Chain of Survival

• Early recognition and access to 911 are critical.
• Early C.P.R.
• Early AED.
• Early advanced medical care via ambulance.
• Integrated post-cardiac arrest care.

Heart Attack Warning Signs

• Chest pain
• Sweating
• Nausea
• Shortness of breath
• Fainting

C.P.R. Steps

• Tap and shout to assess responsiveness.
• Call 911 for emergency assistance.
• Roll the person over if needed.
• Open the airway to ensure it's clear.
• Check for breathing.
• Administer chest compressions.

A.E.D. Acronym

• A.E.D. stands for Automatic External Defibrillator.

Infant C.P.R Steps

• Open Airway
• Check for breathing
• Give 30 chest compressions, using 2 fingers and compress about 1 inch deep.
• Give 2 breaths
• Continue C.P.R until EMS arrives, or the infant shows signs of life.

Infant Choking

• Administer 5 back blows.
• Administer 5 chest thrusts.
• Repeat until the infant breathes or help arrives.

Conscious Choking

• Choking is the most common cause of breathing emergencies.
• Call 911.
• Give 5 back blows between the shoulder blades.
• Give 5 abdominal thrusts.
• Repeat until help arrives.

Unconscious Choking

• Administer 30 chest compressions.
• Perform a fish hook finger sweep to check for obstructions in the mouth.
• Check for breathing.
• Repeat the sequence.

Burns

• Cool the burn with water for 10 minutes.
• Cover with a sterile bandage.
• Call 911 if the burn is severe.

Muscle Injuries

• Treatment involves rest, ice, compression, and elevation (R.I.C.E.).

Broken Bones

• Support the injured area to prevent further damage.
• Apply a splint to stabilize the bone.
• Use a soft splint, such as a pillow or towel.
• Rigid splints like a board or book can also be used.
• Anatomical splinting involves using another body part for support.

Seizures

• Move objects away from the person.
• Cushion their head to prevent injury.
• Turn the person on their side.
• Do not hold them down.

Fainting

• Elevate the person's legs 10-12 inches.
• Fan the person to provide more air.

Stroke Recognition

• F.A.S.T.: Face drooping, Arm weakness, Speech difficulty, Time to call emergency services.

Electrical Shock

• Ensure the power is shut off before approaching the person.
• Call 911.
• Prepare to give CPR if necessary.

Allergic Reactions

• Call 911.
• Use an EpiPen if available.

Hypothermia

• Get the victim out of the cold.
• Loosen clothing and remove any wet clothing.
• Warm the person gradually.

Poisoning

• Establish what was ingested and how much.
• Call 911.
• Do not make the person sick.

Asthma Attack

• Get the person into a comfortable position.
• Give them their inhaler.
• Call 911 if it's a severe attack.

Person in Distress

• Calm yourself first.
• Establish trust with the person.
• Ask how you can help.

Head Injuries

• Keep the person still.
• Apply ice to the head.
• If person appears drowsy, dizzy, or is vomiting, call 911.

Frostbite

• Place the affected area in lukewarm water.
• Wrap with a sterile dressing.
• Seek medical help.

Heatstroke

• Get the victim out of the heat.
• Loosen or remove clothing.
• Apply cold rags to help cool them down.

Diabetes

• Give the person sugar, such as juice or candy.
• Reassure the person.

Severe Bleeding

• Call 911.
• Apply direct pressure to the wound until help arrives.