CPE413: Data Science Concepts

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Questions and Answers

What is the main characteristic that distinguishes data from information?

Information is collected from various sources, while data is gathered from specific sources.

Information is always more valuable than data, regardless of its context.

Data is always numerical, while information can be both numerical and textual.

Data is unprocessed facts and figures, while information is processed data with context. (correct)

What is an example of data representation?

A report summarizing the impact of sales trends.

A decision made by a manager based on sales figures.

A graph visualizing sales trends over time.

A spreadsheet containing sales figures for different products. (correct)

What is the primary purpose of data processing?

To present data in a visually appealing format.

To organize and structure data for easier understanding. (correct)

To collect data from various sources.

To analyze data and extract meaningful insights.

What are the three fundamental stages of the data processing cycle?

Input, processing, output. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What stage of the data processing cycle involves transforming raw data into a useful format?

Input (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of the processing stage in the data processing cycle?

To generate meaningful and practical information from the input data. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are the common types of storage media used for storing data during the input stage when using electronic computers?

Hard disks, CDs, and flash disks. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How can data be represented?

Through images, audio, and video, in addition to characters, numerals, and symbols. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these components within the Hadoop ecosystem is responsible for the storage of extensive datasets, regardless of structure?

HDFS (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of 'Yet Another Resource Negotiator' (YARN) within the Hadoop ecosystem?

Scheduling and coordinating jobs in the cluster (A) Signup and view all the answers

Within the Hadoop ecosystem, which component plays a crucial role in managing the cluster and ensuring smooth operation?

Zookeeper (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these Hadoop components is directly associated with providing a NoSQL database for unstructured data?

HBase (A) Signup and view all the answers

Within the Hadoop ecosystem, what is the primary function of the MapReduce programming framework?

Programming-based data processing across distributed nodes (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these components is responsible for processing data in-memory within the Hadoop ecosystem, providing faster execution speeds compared to traditional disk-based processing?

Spark (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the Oozie component in the Hadoop ecosystem?

Scheduling and coordinating jobs in the cluster (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following Hadoop components is NOT directly involved in managing or processing data in any way?

Zookeeper (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the Name Node in HDFS?

It stores the metadata about the data stored in the system. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the YARN framework within Hadoop?

It is used to schedule and allocate resources across the Hadoop cluster. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Resource Manager in YARN?

It distributes resources across applications within the Hadoop system. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of the YARN framework?

Data Node (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Map() function in the MapReduce framework?

It sorts and filters data, dividing data into groups. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Reduce() function in the MapReduce framework?

It summarizes data by aggregating the mapped data. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the relationship between HDFS and MapReduce?

HDFS provides the storage layer for data used by MapReduce to perform parallel processing. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using commodity hardware in Hadoop?

It offers a cost-effective way to build large-scale distributed systems. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of data preprocessing?

To ensure that the data is ready for analysis and decision-making. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of infrastructure required for data acquisition in big data?

Ability to handle static data structures. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of data analysis in the context of big data?

To identify and extract valuable insights and knowledge from data. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these activities is NOT typically considered part of data curation?

Data analysis and prediction. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the key role of a data curator?

Enhancing the quality, accessibility, and usability of data. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does data persistence and management refer to in the context of big data storage?

Ensuring data is stored and organized for efficient retrieval and analysis. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which area is directly related to the identification of patterns and trends from data?

Data analysis. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main challenge in data acquisition for big data?

The need for robust infrastructure to handle massive data volumes. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for utilizing clustered computing when handling big data?

To overcome the limitations of individual computers in managing large datasets. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of resource pooling within a clustered computing environment?

It allows for the efficient allocation of available resources, optimizing performance and reducing downtime. (C) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of clustered computing for big data, why is high availability crucial?

To prevent data loss due to hardware or software failures, maintaining data integrity and availability. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of using clusters for horizontal scalability in big data processing?

It allows for the seamless addition of new machines to the cluster, increasing processing power and storage capacity as needed. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a key characteristic of big data, as described in the 3V's and beyond?

Versatility (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of software like Hadoop's YARN in a clustered computing environment?

It handles cluster membership and resource allocation, coordinating the utilization of resources across individual nodes. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which component within the Hadoop ecosystem is specifically designed for managing coordination and synchronization across Hadoop's resources and components, addressing potential inconsistencies?

Zookeeper (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of using clustered computing for managing big data?

Enhanced data security through centralized control and access management. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of a computing cluster in the context of big data processing?

To provide a foundation for other software to interact with for data processing. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Oozie's Coordinator jobs from its Workflow jobs?

Coordinator jobs are triggered by external stimuli, while Workflow jobs follow a defined sequence. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Apache HBase is characterized as a NoSQL database. What key characteristic sets it apart from traditional SQL databases?

HBase excels at handling unstructured data, whereas traditional SQL databases are better suited for structured data. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the Hadoop ecosystem offers features comparable to Google's BigTable?

Apache HBase (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of Solr and Lucene in the Hadoop ecosystem?

Providing efficient search and indexing capabilities. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using HBase when searching for specific elements within a massive database?

HBase allows for quick and efficient data retrieval. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why is Hadoop considered well-suited for processing structured data over unstructured data?

Hadoop's architecture is optimized for handling large volumes of structured data. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Module: Emerging Technologies in CPE413

Course offered by Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng San Pablo
Academic year 2023-2024
Instructors: Dr. Teresa A. Yema and Engr. Mario Jr. G. Brucal

Data Science

Defines data science as encompassing algorithms, systems, and scientific methodologies to extract insights from various data types (structured, semi-structured, and unstructured)
Differentiates data from information, describing information as processed data with significance and worth for decision-making.
Outlines the data processing cycle: Input, Processing, Output.
Explains that data types are categorized as structured, semi-structured, and unstructured.

Data and Information

Data is a coded representation of factual information, conceptual ideas, or instruction, effectively communicated or processed.
Information is processed data, significant for making choices and actions.
Data Processing Cycle includes Input, Processing, and Output phases.

Data Value Chain

The Data Value Chain details the progression of information through stages to derive insights from the data: Acquisition, Analysis, Curation, Storage, Usage.
Involves data's lifecycle management across many data systems by adhering to quality criteria, and efficient utilization.
Data curation activities involve content creation, selection, classification, transformation, validation, preservation to ensure accessibility and quality of data.

Big Data

Refers to large and complex datasets challenging traditional data processing tools.
Key characteristics of big data are volume (massive amounts), velocity (data in motion), variety (different forms), and veracity (trustworthiness).

Clustered Computing and Hadoop Ecosystem

Clustered computing addresses the limitations of single computers by aggregating the computational capabilities of smaller machines.
This approach offers resource pooling, high availability, and fault tolerance.
Hadoop is an open-source platform for handling and analyzing large datasets.
Key components of the Hadoop ecosystem include HDFS (Hadoop Distributed File System), YARN (Yet Another Resource Negotiator), MapReduce, Pig, Hive, HBase, and others, such as Solr, Lucene, Oozie.

Data Storage

Data persistence and management refers to the effective storage, organization, and data retrieval mechanisms for applications needing efficient access.
Relational database management systems (RDBMS) have served as data storage solutions for a long time but are limited in handling complex big data scenarios.
NoSQL technologies provide alternative ways to achieve maximum scalability.

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Description

This quiz explores key concepts in Data Science, focusing on the definitions of data and information, the data processing cycle, and the categorization of data types. Understand the distinction between unprocessed data and meaningful information to enhance decision-making skills.