Covalent Bonding Chapter 8 Test

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Questions and Answers

What type of bond is a covalent bond between two atoms in which the shared electron pair comes from only one of the atoms?

Coordinate covalent bond (correct)

Double covalent bond

Nonpolar covalent bond

Hydrogen bond

What occurs when a hydrogen atom that is covalently bonded to a very electronegative atom is also weakly bonded to an unshared pair of electrons?

Hydrogen bond

Which of the following is a covalent bond involving two pairs of electrons where each atom donates one pair?

Coordinate covalent bond

Triple covalent bond

Single covalent bond

Double covalent bond (correct)

What type of covalent bond is formed by the equal sharing of bonding electrons by two atoms?

Nonpolar covalent bond Signup and view all the answers

What is a force that occurs when a hydrogen atom is weakly bonded to an unshared pair of electrons?

Hydrogen bond Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a covalent bond that involves three pairs of electrons shared by two atoms?

Triple covalent bond Signup and view all the answers

What describes a substance in which all atoms are covalently bonded to each other?

Network solid Signup and view all the answers

Which of these elements does not exist as a diatomic molecule?

He Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following compounds is not covalent?

KCl Signup and view all the answers

How many valence electrons does an atom of any halogen have?

7 Signup and view all the answers

What is the electron dot structure for water?

(2 H is with an O in the middle sharing 2 electrons to each H and 4 on the bottom) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following compounds is not ionic?

CO2 Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when atoms share electrons?

Covalent bond Signup and view all the answers

What is the electron dot structure for the polyatomic ion OH-?

[::O::H]- Signup and view all the answers

Which of these compounds would not have covalent bonds?

K2O Signup and view all the answers

What is a molecule with a single covalent bond?

F2 Signup and view all the answers

What explains why chlorine is a gas, bromine is a liquid, and iodine is a solid?

Dipole interactions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following molecules has one lone pair of electrons?

NH3 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the weakest?

Dipole interaction Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the carbon tetrachloride molecule?

Tetrahedral Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Covalent Bonding Concepts

Coordinate Covalent Bond: Formed when two atoms share a pair of electrons, where both electrons come from only one atom.
Nonpolar Covalent Bond: Occurs when two atoms share bonding electrons equally, leading to no charge separation.
Polar Bond: Happens between atoms of different electronegativities, resulting in unequal sharing of electrons and partial charges.

Types of Bonds

Hydrogen Bond: A weak bond that occurs when hydrogen, covalently bonded to an electronegative atom, is attracted to another electronegative atom's unshared electron pair.
Double Covalent Bond: Involves two pairs of electrons shared between two atoms, with each atom contributing one pair.
Triple Covalent Bond: Involves the sharing of three pairs of electrons between two atoms.
Single Covalent Bond: Involves the sharing of one pair of electrons, as seen in molecules like F2.

Molecular and Structural Formulas

Molecular Formula: Represents the types and quantities of atoms in a molecule of a compound (e.g., CO2 for carbon dioxide).
Structural Formula: Illustrates the arrangement of atoms and the connections between them in molecules and polyatomic ions.

Molecular Interactions

Dispersion Force: Caused by the motion of electrons, it represents the weakest type of intermolecular forces.
Dipole Interactions: Arise from polar molecules and vary in strength; variations lead to differing states of matter (e.g., Cl gas, Br liquid, I solid).

Valence Electrons and Bonds

Halogens: Each has seven valence electrons, crucial for bonding behavior.
Polyatomic Ions: Example is the hydroxide ion (OH−) with a specific electron dot structure.

Compound Classification

Covalent Compounds: Examples include CO2 and N2, which feature covalent bonding, while ionic compounds like KCl do not share electrons; they involve electrostatic attraction between charged ions.
Network Solids: Substances in which all atoms are covalently bonded to one another; possess high melting points and unique properties.

Molecular Geometry

Molecule Shape: Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) has a tetrahedral structure, impacting its physical and chemical properties.
Lone Pairs of Electrons: Molecules like NH3 (ammonia) have a lone pair influencing their geometry and reactivity.

Additional Points

Weakest Interactions: Among dipole interactions, dispersion forces are considered the weakest.
Electron Dot Structures: Visualization of bonding, such as the structure of water (H₂O) displays shared electrons graphically.
Compounds Without Covalent Bonds: Examples like K2O highlight compounds solely composed of ionic bonds.

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Description

Test your knowledge on covalent bonding concepts with this quiz. It covers key terms such as coordinate covalent bonds, nonpolar covalent bonds, and hydrogen bonds. Perfect for students studying chemistry and preparing for exams.