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Questions and Answers
What type of bond is formed when two hydrogen atoms share their electrons?
What type of bond is formed when two hydrogen atoms share their electrons?
How many electrons are shared in a double bond between two oxygen atoms?
How many electrons are shared in a double bond between two oxygen atoms?
Which molecule consists of four single covalent bonds?
Which molecule consists of four single covalent bonds?
Which atom requires three electrons to fill its outer shell in the formation of ammonia?
Which atom requires three electrons to fill its outer shell in the formation of ammonia?
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What determines whether a bond is polar or non-polar?
What determines whether a bond is polar or non-polar?
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What percentage of ionic character does HCl have?
What percentage of ionic character does HCl have?
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Which of the following statements is true about ionic and covalent bonds?
Which of the following statements is true about ionic and covalent bonds?
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Which molecule is known to be nonpolar despite having polar bonds?
Which molecule is known to be nonpolar despite having polar bonds?
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In the H2O molecule, which statement about bond dipoles is correct?
In the H2O molecule, which statement about bond dipoles is correct?
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For a polar molecule, what characteristic is essential?
For a polar molecule, what characteristic is essential?
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What is the difference in electronegativity between H and Cl?
What is the difference in electronegativity between H and Cl?
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What role do partial charges (+ and -) play in polar covalent bonds?
What role do partial charges (+ and -) play in polar covalent bonds?
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What type of bond is formed when electrons are shared between atoms?
What type of bond is formed when electrons are shared between atoms?
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Which of the following represents a double covalent bond?
Which of the following represents a double covalent bond?
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What occurs when two atoms have the same electronegativity?
What occurs when two atoms have the same electronegativity?
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Which element has the highest electronegativity value?
Which element has the highest electronegativity value?
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What is a lone pair of electrons?
What is a lone pair of electrons?
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What determines the distribution of shared electrons in a covalent bond?
What determines the distribution of shared electrons in a covalent bond?
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If the electronegativity difference between two atoms is 1.7, what type of bond is indicated?
If the electronegativity difference between two atoms is 1.7, what type of bond is indicated?
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What is the effect of shared electrons in a covalent bond?
What is the effect of shared electrons in a covalent bond?
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Study Notes
Covalent Bonding
- Atoms can fill their outer shell by sharing electrons with other atoms.
- The positive nuclei of the atoms are attracted to the negative electrons in the shared space, forming a covalent bond.
- A single covalent bond consists of two shared electrons.
- A double covalent bond consists of four shared electrons.
- A triple covalent bond consists of six shared electrons.
Electronegativity
- The power of an atom in a molecule to attract bonding electrons towards itself.
- The more electronegative an atom is, the more it pulls shared electrons towards itself.
- Electronegativity determines the distribution of shared electrons and the type of bond formed.
Polar Bonds
- Occur when two different atoms with different electronegativities share electrons.
- The more electronegative atom attracts the shared electrons more strongly, creating a partial negative charge (δ-) on that atom.
- The less electronegative atom develops a partial positive charge (δ+).
Polar and Nonpolar Molecules
- A molecule with polar bonds may be nonpolar if the bond dipoles cancel each other out due to symmetry.
- A molecule with polar bonds that do not cancel each other out is a polar molecule.
Dipole Moment
- A measure of the polarity of a molecule.
- The higher the value of the dipole moment, the more polar the molecule.
- Polar molecules dissolve in polar solvents, and nonpolar molecules dissolve in nonpolar solvents.
Molecular Shape
- The three-dimensional geometry of a molecule is crucial for determining its polarity.
- To predict molecular polarity, you need to know the Lewis structure, which shows the arrangement of valence electrons around the central atom.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamentals of covalent bonding, including the sharing of electrons between atoms and the concepts of electronegativity and polar bonds. Test your understanding of single, double, and triple covalent bonds, as well as how electronegativity influences electron distribution in molecules.
