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Questions and Answers
What is the ionic radius of an atom?
What is the ionic radius of an atom?
- The radius of a neutral atom
- The radius of an atom in a solid sphere model
- The radius of an atom's electron cloud
- The radius of an atom after gaining or losing an electron (correct)
How does an atom's ionic radius change when it gains an additional electron?
How does an atom's ionic radius change when it gains an additional electron?
- It decreases
- It becomes zero
- It increases (correct)
- It remains the same
Why do atoms of different elements have different sizes?
Why do atoms of different elements have different sizes?
- Because of their position in the periodic table
- As a result of gaining or losing outermost electrons
- Because of their atomic radius
- Due to the number of subatomic particles they contain (correct)
What happens to an atom's size when it becomes a cation (positive ion)?
What happens to an atom's size when it becomes a cation (positive ion)?
What is the electronegativity difference between carbon and hydrogen when they bond?
What is the electronegativity difference between carbon and hydrogen when they bond?
Which elements are known as the 'BIG 6' in molecules found in living organisms?
Which elements are known as the 'BIG 6' in molecules found in living organisms?
What type of bonds join amino acids together in proteins?
What type of bonds join amino acids together in proteins?
Why do drugs with N-H or O-H bonds tend to be very soluble and effective in the body?
Why do drugs with N-H or O-H bonds tend to be very soluble and effective in the body?
What causes the increase in ionization energy across a period in the periodic table?
What causes the increase in ionization energy across a period in the periodic table?
What effect does moving down a group in the periodic table have on ionization energy?
What effect does moving down a group in the periodic table have on ionization energy?
What is electronegativity a measure of?
What is electronegativity a measure of?
How does atomic radius influence ionization energy within a period in the periodic table?
How does atomic radius influence ionization energy within a period in the periodic table?
What influences the ionic radius of an atom or ion?
What influences the ionic radius of an atom or ion?
Which trend correlates with electronegativity and atomic radius?
Which trend correlates with electronegativity and atomic radius?
What is the relationship between the ionic radius and the number of electron orbitals?
What is the relationship between the ionic radius and the number of electron orbitals?
Which factor influences the ionization energy of an atom?
Which factor influences the ionization energy of an atom?
What is the key factor used to determine if a covalent bond is nonpolar or polar?
What is the key factor used to determine if a covalent bond is nonpolar or polar?
What influences electronegativity, resulting in a stronger pull from the nucleus?
What influences electronegativity, resulting in a stronger pull from the nucleus?
What causes electronegativity to decrease down a group?
What causes electronegativity to decrease down a group?
What is the trend in electronegativity on the periodic table?
What is the trend in electronegativity on the periodic table?
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Study Notes
Understanding Covalent Bonds and Electronegativity
- Covalent bonds are formed when electrons are shared between atoms
- Nonpolar covalent bonds occur when electrons are equally split, while polar covalent bonds occur when electrons are shared unequally
- Electronegativity difference (ΔEN) is used to quantify differences in covalent bonding
- ΔEN values determine if a covalent bond is nonpolar or polar
- The trend in electronegativity can be observed on the periodic table
- Electronegativity values increase across a period and decrease down a group
- The number of protons and electrons in an atom affect its electronegativity
- Nuclear shielding influences electronegativity, with fewer electron shells resulting in a stronger pull from the nucleus
- Electronegativity decreases down a group due to the gain of electrons in energy shells farther from the nucleus
- Noble gases have electronegativity values of 0.0 as they have full outer shells of electrons
- There are exceptions to electronegativity trends, including noble gases and elements with atomic numbers greater than 104
- Electronegativity values are crucial for understanding chemical properties and predicting bond types in molecules
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