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Questions and Answers
What date is designated for National Day for Truth and Reconciliation?
What is Dr. Hem Sharma's favorite pet animal?
When is the first midterm exam scheduled?
Which type of questions will be included in the midterm and final examinations?
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What is a requirement for contacting Dr. Hem Sharma via email?
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What will happen to grades in this course regarding rounding?
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What are students expected to follow for lab assignments and exams?
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On what day is Thanksgiving Day observed during the Fall term?
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What are the two largest compartments of the body cavities?
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Which structure protects the brain within the cranial cavity?
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Which of the following organs is NOT found in the thoracic cavity?
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What separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities?
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What is contained in the mediastinum?
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What type of fluid provides cushioning and protection to the brain and spinal cord?
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Which cavity surrounds the spinal cord?
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What primarily distinguishes the dorsal body cavity from the ventral body cavity?
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Which hormone is produced and released during childbirth as part of the positive feedback mechanism?
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What initiates the positive feedback mechanism during childbirth?
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What defines a system that secretes hormones and regulates bodily processes?
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What is a potential drawback of positive feedback mechanisms?
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What term describes the fluid found in dorsal body cavities?
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Which of the following organs is NOT located in the abdominal cavity?
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What surrounds the organs in the abdominopelvic cavity?
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Which of the following regions is NOT part of the abdominopelvic regions?
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Which basic life process involves the breakdown of substances to release energy?
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What is the function of the synovial cavities?
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What organ is found in the pelvic cavity?
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Which of the following is NOT a level of organization in the human body?
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Which process involves the utilization of substances for growth?
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Which cavity is associated with the respiratory system?
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What is the primary purpose of organ systems in the body?
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What is the primary function of homeostasis in organisms?
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Which two systems are primarily responsible for regulating homeostatic balance?
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What role does the sensor/receptor play in the homeostasis process?
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How does the endocrine system primarily contribute to homeostasis?
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What is the outcome of a negative feedback process in homeostasis?
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Which of the following variables would NOT be tracked for its fluctuation in homeostasis?
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What is the role of the control center in the homeostatic process?
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In which way do hormones usually function in homeostasis compared to nerve impulses?
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During what type of feedback process is the initial stress or imbalance intensified?
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Which of the following best describes a common cause of disruptions in homeostasis?
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Study Notes
Course Overview
- Taught by Dr. Hem Sharma
- Office hours are Monday, Wednesday, and Friday from 2:00 to 4:00 PM (available by appointment)
- Office location is 3-11 Brodie Science Building
- Email address is [email protected]
- When emailing Dr. Sharma, include the subject, your name, student ID, and the registered course.
Important Dates/Deadlines
- September 30 - No classes, UNIVERSITY CLOSED for National Day for Truth and Reconciliation
- October 14 - No classes, UNIVERSITY CLOSED for Thanksgiving Day
- November 11-15 - No classes, FALL TERM STUDY BREAK
- First midterm exam is October 7th (in class)
- Second midterm exam is November 4th (in class)
- Lab assignments/exams follow the lab calendar
- Final examination is December 11th (TBA)
Assessment Details
- Midterm and Final examinations:
- Multiple choice questions
- True/False questions
- Fill in the blanks
- Match the following
- Illustrations/figures
- Bonus questions
- No 'rounding up' in this course, grades are calculated to the first decimal point
- Letter grade system is used for final grade
Resources
- Enrollment key: Anatomy! “How the machinery works”
Directional Terms
- Use directional terms for body regions, structures, and positions
Regional Terms
- Use regional terms to identify specific parts of the body
Body Planes
- Sagittal plane: divides the body vertically into left and right sections
- Frontal/coronal plane: divides the body vertically into anterior and posterior sections
- Transverse/horizontal/axial plane: divides the body horizontally into superior and inferior sections
- Oblique plane: divides the body at an angle
Body Cavities
- Body cavities enclose and protect delicate internal organs
- Two largest compartments are:
- Dorsal body cavities
- Ventral body cavities
Dorsal Body Cavities
- Continuous cavity formed from:
- Cranial cavity: encloses the brain, protected by skull bones and cerebrospinal fluid
- Spinal/vertebral cavity: surrounds spinal cord, protected by vertebral column and cerebrospinal fluid
- Lined by meninges filled with cerebrospinal fluid, providing protection/cushion to the brain and spinal cord
Ventral Body Cavities
- Larger cavity
- Subdivided into two parts:
- Thoracic cavity (contains lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea; protected by rib cage and vertebral column)
- Abdominopelvic cavity (contains stomach, intestines, spleen, liver, kidneys, adrenal glands, urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum)
Other Body Cavities
- Smaller cavities exposed to environment:
- Oral and digestive cavities
- Nasal cavity
- Orbital cavities
- Middle ear cavities
- Not exposed to environment:
- Synovial cavities (joint cavities)
Abdominopelvic Regions and Quadrants
- Abdominopelvic regions:
- Right hypochondriac region
- Epigastric region
- Left hypochondriac region
- Right lumbar region
- Umbilical region
- Left lumber region
- Right Iliac (inguinal) region
- Hypogastric region
- Left iliac (inguinal) region
Abdominopelvic Regions and Its Organs
- Each region contains specific organs
Levels of Organization
- The human body is organized at different levels:
- Atoms
- Molecules
- Cells
- Tissues
- Organs
- Organ Systems
- Organism
Organ Systems
- All organ systems cooperate to support basic life processes, maintain homeostasis, and ensure proper body functioning
Basic Life Processes
- Metabolism:
- Catabolism: breaking down complex molecules into simpler ones
- Anabolism: building complex molecules from simpler ones
- Adaptability: ability to adjust to changing environmental conditions
- Reproduction: process of creating offspring
- Growth and Development: increase in size and complexity of the organism
- Movement and Locomotion: ability to move and change position
- Integument: protection, temperature regulation, sensory reception
- Respiration: gas exchange (oxygen intake and carbon dioxide release)
- Circulation: transport of blood, nutrients, and waste products
- Digestion: breakdown of food and absorption of nutrients
- Excretion: removal of waste products
Homeostasis
- Self-regulating mechanism within organisms that maintains relatively stable internal conditions despite environmental fluctuations
- Essential for survival
- Disrupted by external stimuli (intense heat, cold, lack of oxygen) and internal stimuli (psychological stresses, exercise)
- Regulated primarily by the nervous system and endocrine system
Homeostatic Control
- Involves three components:
- Sensor (monitors environmental factors and responds to changes)
- Control center (guides the set point, receives monitoring input, guides appropriate response)
- Effector (receives output from control center, provides instructions for response)
Homeostasis via Neuronal Control
- Nervous system detects changes and sends nerve impulses to counteract the disruption
- Nerve impulses cause rapid changes
Homeostasis via Negative Feedback Process
- Reduces the initial imbalance or stress
- Example: maintaining body temperature
Homeostasis via Hormonal Control: Negative Feedback Process
- Endocrine system regulates homeostasis by secreting hormones
- Hormones work slowly
- Example: regulating blood glucose levels
Homeostasis via Positive Feedback Process
- Intensifies the initial imbalance or stress
- Example: childbirth
Assignments
- What is histology?
- What is the system that encloses internal body structures and is the site of many sensory receptors?
- What is the system that secretes hormones and regulates bodily processes?
- What are negative feedback and positive feedback mechanisms?
- What are the potential drawbacks of positive feedback?
- Define metabolism
- What is pleura?
- What is pericardium?
- What is peritoneum?
- List organs found in abdominopelvic regions
- What is the fluid found in dorsal body cavities?
- What are the regional anatomical terms used to denote the skull, eyes, chest, arm, fingers/toes, and back of knee?
- Which body planes are illustrated in the diagram?
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Description
This quiz covers key details about the course structure as taught by Dr. Hem Sharma. It includes important dates, deadlines, and assessment methods such as midterm and final exams. Prepare yourself with this quiz to ensure you understand course expectations and requirements.
