Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following goals focuses on helping clients recognize and enhance unused or underused talents?
Which of the following goals focuses on helping clients recognize and enhance unused or underused talents?
Preventive Goals are aimed at helping clients solve existing problems.
Preventive Goals are aimed at helping clients solve existing problems.
False
What is the primary focus of Cognitive Goals?
What is the primary focus of Cognitive Goals?
Development of the intellect
When clients explore options and test new skills without believing they have a current problem, this is known as __________ Goals.
When clients explore options and test new skills without believing they have a current problem, this is known as __________ Goals.
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Match the following types of goals with their definitions:
Match the following types of goals with their definitions:
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What type of goals are primarily targeted by most counselors in the Philippines?
What type of goals are primarily targeted by most counselors in the Philippines?
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Psychological Goals focus exclusively on physical health.
Psychological Goals focus exclusively on physical health.
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What is the goal of Remedial counseling?
What is the goal of Remedial counseling?
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Which of the following is NOT a commandment of counseling?
Which of the following is NOT a commandment of counseling?
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Open questions can typically be answered with 'yes' or 'no'.
Open questions can typically be answered with 'yes' or 'no'.
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Name one nonverbal attending skill.
Name one nonverbal attending skill.
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In counseling, a question that begins with 'What' or 'How' is considered an ________ question.
In counseling, a question that begins with 'What' or 'How' is considered an ________ question.
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Which of the following actions indicates nonverbal attending in a counseling situation?
Which of the following actions indicates nonverbal attending in a counseling situation?
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In the ABC Theory, which component is considered the activating agent?
In the ABC Theory, which component is considered the activating agent?
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Match the following listening skills with their descriptions:
Match the following listening skills with their descriptions:
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It is advisable to ask questions that begin with 'Why' during counseling sessions.
It is advisable to ask questions that begin with 'Why' during counseling sessions.
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The key focus of Gestalt Counseling is on understanding past experiences.
The key focus of Gestalt Counseling is on understanding past experiences.
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Who introduced Transactional Analysis?
Who introduced Transactional Analysis?
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What behavior should counselors avoid when attending to a counselee?
What behavior should counselors avoid when attending to a counselee?
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In Transactional Analysis, the three ego states are Parent, Adult, and __________.
In Transactional Analysis, the three ego states are Parent, Adult, and __________.
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What is the primary aim of a Gestalt Therapist?
What is the primary aim of a Gestalt Therapist?
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Match the counseling approach with its primary focus:
Match the counseling approach with its primary focus:
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Neuro-linguistic Programming is ineffective in producing therapeutic changes.
Neuro-linguistic Programming is ineffective in producing therapeutic changes.
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What is the goal of Life Script Analysis in Transactional Analysis?
What is the goal of Life Script Analysis in Transactional Analysis?
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What is the first step in problem identification?
What is the first step in problem identification?
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The goals for problem-solving should be determined solely by the counselor.
The goals for problem-solving should be determined solely by the counselor.
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What is the purpose of brainstorming in the problem-solving process?
What is the purpose of brainstorming in the problem-solving process?
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In counseling, _________ skills include nonverbal communication and verbal communication.
In counseling, _________ skills include nonverbal communication and verbal communication.
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Match the articulation skills with their descriptions:
Match the articulation skills with their descriptions:
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What process follows the identification of possible solutions?
What process follows the identification of possible solutions?
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Listening skills are less important than articulation skills in counseling.
Listening skills are less important than articulation skills in counseling.
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What is the main purpose of integrating information during problem identification?
What is the main purpose of integrating information during problem identification?
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What is the purpose of paraphrasing spoken feelings in a counseling session?
What is the purpose of paraphrasing spoken feelings in a counseling session?
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Summarization in counseling is only needed at the beginning of the session.
Summarization in counseling is only needed at the beginning of the session.
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What are two good questions to ask for defining and clarifying feelings?
What are two good questions to ask for defining and clarifying feelings?
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A good summary captures the ___ of what the person said.
A good summary captures the ___ of what the person said.
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Match the counseling skills with their descriptions:
Match the counseling skills with their descriptions:
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When is it appropriate to use summarization in a counseling session?
When is it appropriate to use summarization in a counseling session?
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Acknowledging feelings can help the counselee feel understood.
Acknowledging feelings can help the counselee feel understood.
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Name one question that can help the counselee express their feelings.
Name one question that can help the counselee express their feelings.
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Study Notes
Paralangauge
- Includes volume, tone, pitch, and other nonverbal aspects of communication
Observation Skills
- Includes observing color changes, tics, breathing patterns, and other physical cues
Commandments of Counseling
- Be non-judgmental
- Be empathetic
- Avoid giving personal advice
- Avoid asking "Why" questions
- Avoid taking responsibility for the client's problems
- Avoid interpreting
- Focus on the "here and now"
- Address the client's feelings
Listening Skills
- Based on nonverbal attending behavior
Nonverbal Attending Behavior
- Verbal and nonverbal cues that communicate attentiveness to the speaker
- Includes eye contact, body posture, facial expression, head nodding, and following the client's lead
Open Questions
- Encourage clients to talk freely without feeling defensive
- Cannot be answered with one or two words
- Often start with "how" or "what"
- Used to explore deeper feelings and ideas
Closed Questions
- Similar to those asked in a survey or by a doctor
- Answered with "yes," "no," or a single word
- Begin with "is," "do," "have," etc.
Counseling Goals
- Developmental: Support growth in physical, personal, emotional, social, cognitive, and spiritual dimensions
- Preventive: Help individuals avoid undesired outcomes
- Enhancement: Identify, recognize, and enhance unused or underused talents, skills, and abilities
- Reinforcement: Acknowledge and refine existing actions, thoughts, or feelings
- Remedial: Help individuals overcome or solve existing issues (most common in the Philippines)
- Exploratory: Examine options, test skills, and explore new environments, relationships, and activities
Human Dimensional Goals
- Address various dimensions of a human being
- Cognitive: Focus on intellectual development (common in schools)
- Psychological: Develop good interpersonal skills, emotional control, and self-esteem
- Physiological: Focus on promoting good health habits (like those of a fitness or diet counselor)
ABC Theory
- Central to Rational Emotive Therapy (RE Therapy)
- Describes the steps of counseling
- Event (A) may not directly cause the problem; it's the client's belief (B) about the event that leads to negative consequences (C)
The RE Therapist
- Employs an active-directive approach
- Focuses on teaching, confronting, deindoctrinating, and redoctrinating clients
Gestalt Counseling
- Developed by Fritz Perls
- Aims to help clients develop self-integration
- Emphasizes that a healthy person is not one without needs but one who is aware of their needs and takes action to meet them
Gestalt Therapist
- Encourages response-ability, or taking responsibility for oneself
Awareness
- Key principle in Gestalt counseling
- Focuses on the present moment ("here and now")
- Encourages clients to use "I" statements
Transactional Analysis
- Introduced by Eric Berne
- Posits that human beings have three ego states: Parent, Adult, and Child
- Parent: Holds values, rules, and beliefs
- Adult: Rationally processes information
- Child: Holds emotions, impulses, and feelings
- Psychological difficulties stem from ego states taking control in inappropriate situations
- The client learns to use each ego state appropriately
Structural Analysis
- Helps identify the dominant ego state and its impact on how individuals live
Transaction Analysis
- Examines patterns in communication and whether they match or mismatch
Game Analysis
- Helps clients recognize patterns of behavior designed to gain approval
Life Script Analysis
- Identifies early parental teachings and decisions made in childhood that continue to influence behavior in adulthood
Neurolinguistic Programming (NLP)
- Has shown to produce significant therapeutic changes
Problem Identification and Exploration
- Defining the problem: Clearly identify its components, contributing factors, duration, and severity
- Exploring the problem: Gather information to fully understand the problem, including how, by whom, and when it occurs
- Integrating information: Systematically organize and integrate information into a profile of the client and the problem
- Counselor distinguishes between the surface problem and the real issue
Planning for Problem Solving
- Setting goals: Agreement between counselor and client on desired outcomes
- Identifying solutions: Brainstorming potential solutions
- Exploring consequences: Examining the effects of each solution
- Prioritizing solutions: Ranking solutions based on alignment with desired outcomes
- Identifying a specific, relevant, and attainable goal
Counseling Skills
- Blend of science and art
- Microskills are critical for success
Three Basic Skills in Counseling
- Articulation skills: Nonverbal and verbal communication
- LUCIAN (1975) Leads and Responses: Acceptance, Restatement, Clarification, Summarization, General Leads, Reassurance, Interpretation, Supposition, Facilitation, Interpellation, Rejection
- Listening skills: Foundation of counselor competence
- Paraphrasing spoken feelings: Rephrasing what the client said to demonstrate understanding
- Defining and clarifying feelings: Using questions to understand the client's exact experience of their emotions
- Examples: "What does being mad mean to you?", "How does that feel physically?"
- Acknowledging the feelings: Validating the client's emotions and showing empathy
- Examples: "It sounds like you're feeling really frustrated", "I can see that you're upset"
- Dealing with the feelings: Assisting the client in processing and managing their emotions
- Examples: "What would you like to do to feel better?", "How have you dealt with this in the past?"
- Summarization: A more extensive paraphrase that captures the essence of the conversation
- Functions: Perception check, directing future interaction, clarifying the situation, reflecting trends, identifying conflicts, listing priorities
- Integration of skills: Combining all skills appropriately
Integration of Skills
- Bringing all skills together in a coordinated and appropriate manner
- Includes utilizing open questions, paraphrasing, exploring feelings, and summarizing as needed
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Description
This quiz explores essential counseling techniques, focusing on paralinguistic features, observation skills, and listening strategies. It emphasizes the importance of non-verbal communication and the principles of effective counseling. Test your knowledge of open and closed questions to enhance your counseling approach.
