Cosmetology Refresher Course Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What does good posture mean?

Bent spine

Curved spine

Straight spine (correct)

Slouched spine

To maintain good posture while seated, you should rest most of your body weight on your:

buttocks

What is the study of human characteristics related to specific work environments?

ergonomics

What does MSD stand for?

musculoskeletal disorders Signup and view all the answers

Is gripping tools too tightly a principle of ergonomics?

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the practice of maintaining daily cleanliness to prevent offensive odors called?

personal hygiene Signup and view all the answers

Is eating lots of sugar and fats good nutrition habits?

False Signup and view all the answers

How often should the shampoo bowl be disinfected?

after every client Signup and view all the answers

What should be used to thoroughly clean and disinfect a whirlpool pedicure chair at the end of the day?

5% chlorine bleach to a gallon of water Signup and view all the answers

How should the foot spa be disinfected after each client?

clean it with hospital grade disinfectant Signup and view all the answers

What is the information sheet required by federal law for salon products called?

MSDS Signup and view all the answers

Sterilizing can only be performed on what type of surfaces?

non-porous Signup and view all the answers

How should massage movements be applied to skin when massaging a muscle?

from insertion to origin Signup and view all the answers

What is the study of the ears called?

otology Signup and view all the answers

What is the basic unit of all living matter?

cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the largest organ of the body?

skin Signup and view all the answers

What is the average heartbeat per minute?

72-80 Signup and view all the answers

The study of the functions of the body is known as?

physiology Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve is the largest?

the 5th Signup and view all the answers

How many systems is the body composed of?

10 Signup and view all the answers

Are digestive juices a defense against infection in the body?

False Signup and view all the answers

A person who is immune to a disease yet can transmit the disease to others is known as a?

carrier Signup and view all the answers

Is ringworm caused by a fungus?

False Signup and view all the answers

How can a cosmetologist create a risk of HIV infection in a salon?

using unsanitary implements Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common pus-forming bacteria?

staphylococci Signup and view all the answers

What should you do if your client says he has a disease on his scalp and wants you to shampoo with very hot water?

refer the client to a physician Signup and view all the answers

Nonpathogenic organisms perform what function?

decomposing garbage among many Signup and view all the answers

What shape are spirilla bacteria?

corkscrew Signup and view all the answers

How do cocci bacteria move about?

through the air Signup and view all the answers

Disinfectants should not be used on the skin.

True Signup and view all the answers

The most important rule for using disinfectants safely is to always:

read & follow manufacturer's directions Signup and view all the answers

Before placing implements and equipment in a disinfectant solution, you should:

clean them thoroughly Signup and view all the answers

What is quat?

an effective fast-acting disinfectant. Short for Quaternary Ammonium Signup and view all the answers

When using disinfectants, you should always:

wear gloves & goggles Signup and view all the answers

Sanitation means cleaning every item in the salon correctly and regularly.

True Signup and view all the answers

The proper procedure for disinfecting a countertop is to:

clean with water, apply disinfectant, & follow manufacturer's directions Signup and view all the answers

To be an effective disinfectant, ethyl alcohol must be used in a solution of at least:

70% Signup and view all the answers

You should change the solution used in a wet sanitizer:

every day Signup and view all the answers

What influences the health of a person's hair the most?

physical & emotional health Signup and view all the answers

A cowlick occurs when:

a tuft of hair stands straight up Signup and view all the answers

What is the hair cuticle?

the outermost layer, composed of overlapping sheets of transparent protective cells Signup and view all the answers

The purpose of scalp manipulations is to:

stimulate the scalp Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for split ends?

apply oil treatments Signup and view all the answers

A boil is:

an acute infection of a hair follicle Signup and view all the answers

Head lice cannot be treated in the salon.

True Signup and view all the answers

The part of the hair that attaches directly to the papilla is called the:

bulb Signup and view all the answers

What determines the direction of hair growth?

the shape of the hair follicle Signup and view all the answers

Approximately how many hairs does the average person shed in a day?

35-40 Signup and view all the answers

What are the three hair shapes?

round, almost round & oval Signup and view all the answers

A normal healthy nail grows:

from the matrix & over the tip of the finger Signup and view all the answers

Older people's nails grow more slowly or faster than younger people's?

False Signup and view all the answers

A nail that has been lost because of disease is likely to grow back how?

distorted Signup and view all the answers

If a client is accidentally cut during nail care, you should:

stop, wash your hands & apply antiseptic & a sterile bandage Signup and view all the answers

A condition caused by injury to the nail or some disease or imbalance in the body is called a:

nail disorder Signup and view all the answers

A nail fungus first appears as a:

discoloration that spreads toward the free edge of the nail Signup and view all the answers

A hypertrophied nail may be manicured as long as?

False Signup and view all the answers

Sweat glands in the body serve what function?

regulate body temperature & remove waste Signup and view all the answers

Which is not a function of the skin?

Digestion Signup and view all the answers

A chronic inflammation of the sebaceous glands is referred to as:

Acne Signup and view all the answers

What does the general term dermatitis refer to?

any inflammation of the skin Signup and view all the answers

If your client asks you to remove a hair from a mole while you are arching her brows, you should:

refuse to remove it Signup and view all the answers

A fiber that forms elastic tissue and gives the skin elasticity and flexibility is called:

elastin Signup and view all the answers

On what part of the body is skin the thickest?

soles & palms Signup and view all the answers

Where is subcutaneous tissue located?

below the dermis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the skeletal system?

support the body & protect vital organs Signup and view all the answers

The lower jawbone is known as:

the mandible Signup and view all the answers

The cranial muscle that draws the front part of the scalp forward and wrinkles the forehead is the:

frontalis Signup and view all the answers

Which sensory organ is surrounded by immovable muscles?

ear Signup and view all the answers

The vascular system consists of:

heart & blood vessels Signup and view all the answers

Individual body cells receive food and oxygen through tiny blood vessels called:

capillaries Signup and view all the answers

The skin serves as part of the excretory system when a person:

sweats Signup and view all the answers

A person's rate of breathing is the same no matter what they are doing.

False Signup and view all the answers

Name the 2 types of electric current.

direct & indirect Signup and view all the answers

During which electrotherapy treatment should the client avoid contact with metal on chairs, stools, jewelry etc.?

high-frequency Signup and view all the answers

What is a facial treatment in which electrical equipment is used called?

electrotherapy Signup and view all the answers

How are electrodes treated when using galvanic current?

electrodes must be firmly wrapped with moist cotton pledgets Signup and view all the answers

The primary action of the Tesla (HF) current is to:

produce heat, is thermal & germicidal Signup and view all the answers

What unit measures electrical pressure?

volt Signup and view all the answers

A substance that carries electricity is called:

a conductor Signup and view all the answers

A good conductor for applying electricity to the face and scalp is called:

an electrode Signup and view all the answers

An electric current that is used to permanently destroy the hair root is called:

electrolysis Signup and view all the answers

The path of an electric current from the generating source through conductors and back to its original source is called a:

complete circuit Signup and view all the answers

A neutral pH is:

neutral pH is 7 Signup and view all the answers

The main ingredient in shampoo is called a surfactant, which is also called:

surfactants are aka detergents Signup and view all the answers

Which chemical is the most strongly alkaline?

Sodium hydroxide Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hair color uses the pigment of the greatest molecular weight?

Temporary hair color Signup and view all the answers

Which is an example of a water-in-oil emulsion?

Cleansing cream Signup and view all the answers

Many sculptured nail products are produced by using which of the following chemicals?

Ethyl methacrylate Signup and view all the answers

Elements are:

substances that cannot be separated into simpler substances by ordinary means Signup and view all the answers

The ingredient in both styling gels and hairsprays that gives the hair body and texture is usually a type of:

polymers Signup and view all the answers

Your local town or city laws usually dictate:

renovations Signup and view all the answers

Which level of government is usually responsible for setting income tax codes and rates?

state & federal government Signup and view all the answers

Of the major expenses involved in running a salon, the one that the owner can continually adjust at their own discretion is:

advertising Signup and view all the answers

A business plan is best described as a:

map Signup and view all the answers

What are some examples of what would be included in a business plan?

all aspects of the business would be included such as, a description of the business & services to be provided, the # of personnel to be hired, an operations plan that includes price & structure & expenses Signup and view all the answers

Keeping careful inventory records of retail supplies helps to determine:

when it's time to reorder Signup and view all the answers

What can be used as a guideline for knowing how many employees to hire for your salon?

the size of the salon will determine the size of the staff Signup and view all the answers

What are some signs of a good and effective manager?

being honest with employees, acting as a mentor to staff, following the same rules as other employees Signup and view all the answers

The correct way to answer the telephone in a salon is:

Thank you for calling Royal Salon, Cheryl speaking. How may I help you today? Signup and view all the answers

The most effective way to deal with client complaints about salon service is to:

listen to the client's whole story & then suggest a solution Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Posture and Ergonomics

Good posture involves keeping the spine straight to avoid physical strain.
While seated, most body weight should be distributed on the buttocks for better support.
Ergonomics studies human characteristics in relation to specific work environments.
Cosmetologists are at risk for physical injuries known as microskeletal disorders (MSDs).

Personal Hygiene and Nutrition

Personal hygiene includes regular practices like bathing, dental care, and deodorant use to maintain freshness.
High consumption of sugar and fats, as well as alcohol, are not considered good nutritional habits.

Salon Hygiene and Disinfection

Shampoo bowls must be disinfected after each client to maintain salon hygiene.
A whirlpool pedicure chair should be cleaned with a solution of 5% chlorine bleach mixed with a gallon of water at the end of the day.
After each client, a foot spa should be cleaned with a hospital-grade disinfectant.
All salon products must have a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) as mandated by federal law.

Skin and Hair Structure

The skin, the body's largest organ, comprises the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layers, with the thickest areas found on the soles and palms.
Hair structure includes the cuticle (outermost layer) and bulb (where hair growth occurs).
Healthy hair growth is influenced primarily by physical and emotional well-being.

Electrical Treatments and Equipment

Electrotherapy involves the use of electrical equipment during facial treatments.
Ohm's law states that electric pressure is measured in volts.
Two primary types of electric currents are direct and indirect; care should be taken to avoid metal contact during high-frequency treatments.

Nail Care Fundamentals

Regular care in nail salons includes sanitizing tools and addressing any injuries promptly.
Nail growth is influenced by various factors, including age and health; older individuals tend to see slower nail growth.

Hair and Scalp Care

The shape of hair follicles determines hair growth direction, while a cowlick refers to hair that stands upright in a tuft.
Split ends are treated through the application of oils to promote health.

Bacterial Infections and Disorders

Staphylococci bacteria are the most common pus-forming type.
Infection prevention in salons includes rigorous sanitation protocols, especially when using sharp tools.

Business Management Essentials

Salons must keep careful inventory records to know when to reorder supplies.
Effective management entails transparency with staff, mentoring, and adhering to salon policies.
State and federal governments usually dictate income tax laws, while local regulations govern renovations.

Client Interaction and Communication

Proper telephone etiquette in salons involves greeting clients warmly and offering assistance.
Handling client complaints effectively entails actively listening to concerns and proposing solutions.

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Description

Test your knowledge with these flashcards designed for the cosmetology refresher course. Each card focuses on essential terms and concepts related to posture, ergonomics, and physical well-being in the cosmetology field. Perfect for anyone looking to reinforce their understanding of important industry practices.