Cosmetology Chapter 20 Quiz

Questions and Answers

What are chemical acids that join amino acids together end-to-end in long chains to form polypeptide chains?

peptide bonds

What are long chains of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds?

polypeptide chains

What are made up of long, coiled chains of amino acids linked together end-to-end, like beads, by end bonds?

keratin proteins

What are strong chemical side bonds that are formed when sulfur atoms in two adjacent protein chains are joined?

disulfide bonds Signup and view all the answers

_______________ solutions soften and swell the hair and open the cuticle.

alkaline Signup and view all the answers

Once the ______________ is in the cortex, it breaks the disulfide bonds through a chemical reaction called reduction.

waving solution Signup and view all the answers

What is the active ingredient or reducing agent in alkaline permanents?

ammonium thioglycolate Signup and view all the answers

The addition of ammonium to _____________ acid produces ATG.

thioglycolic Signup and view all the answers

_______________ hair with a strong, resistant cuticle layer needs the additional swelling and penetration that is provided by a stronger and more highly alkaline waving solution.

coarse Signup and view all the answers

_______________ hair, or hair with a damaged cuticle layer, is easily penetrated and could be damaged by a highly alkaline permanent waving solution.

porous Signup and view all the answers

The alkalinity of the perm solution should correspond to the resistance, strength, and _____________ of the cuticle layer.

porosity Signup and view all the answers

What is the main active ingredient in true acid and acid-balanced waving lotion?

glyceryl monothioglycolate Signup and view all the answers

____________________ acid waves are acid-balanced and process more quickly. They also produce a firmer curl than true acid waves.

modern Signup and view all the answers

What kind of waves create an exothermic chemical reaction that heats up the solution and speeds up processing?

exothermic waves Signup and view all the answers

What type of waves are activated by an outside heat source like a conventional hooded dryer?

endothermic waves Signup and view all the answers

The amount of processing time should be determined by the strength of the __________________, not necessarily how long the perm is processed.

solution Signup and view all the answers

___________ hair is more fragile, easier to process, and more susceptible to damage.

fine Signup and view all the answers

__________________ hair usually requires more processing than medium to fine hair and may also be more resistant to processing.

coarse Signup and view all the answers

Most processing takes to __ minutes.

5 to 10 Signup and view all the answers

A properly processing permanent wave should break and rebuild approximately ________ percent of the hair's disulfide bonds.

50 Signup and view all the answers

If too many ____________ bonds are broken, hair is too weak to hold a firm curl.

disulfide Signup and view all the answers

Hair at the __________ is not as curly as ends, more processing time is required, and will make the hair curlier.

scalp Signup and view all the answers

What rebuilds broken disulfide bonds into their new shape?

perm waving (thio) neutralizers Signup and view all the answers

During neutralization stage one, if the hair is not properly ______________, the hydrogen peroxide in the neutralizer can react with waving lotion and cause the hair to lighten.

rinsed Signup and view all the answers

An __ _ protein conditioner can be applied to the hair and dried under a warm dryer for five minutes or more prior to neutralization; this is beneficial to damaged hair.

acidic liquid Signup and view all the answers

During neutralization stage two, thio neutralization rebuilds bonds by removing what?

extra hydrogen atoms Signup and view all the answers

When performing a preliminary test curl, wrap one rod in each different area of the head (top, side, and _____________).

nape Signup and view all the answers

What type of rods have a smaller circumference in the middle than on the ends?

concave rods Signup and view all the answers

Straight rods have a consistent, equal ______________ along the entire length of the rod and produce a uniform curl along the entire strand.

diameter Signup and view all the answers

End papers AKA end wraps are absorbent papers used to control the _______________ of the hair when wrapping.

ends Signup and view all the answers

What type of wrap uses two end papers, one placed under and one over the hair strand?

double flat wrap Signup and view all the answers

What type of wrap uses one end paper placed over the top of the strand of hair being wrapped?

single flat wrap Signup and view all the answers

What type of wrap uses one end paper folded in half over hair ends like an envelope?

bookend wrap Signup and view all the answers

What are subsections of the panels into which the hair is divided for perming wrapping?

base sections Signup and view all the answers

Base placement refers to the position of the rod in relation to its ____________ section or base panel.

base Signup and view all the answers

What is determined by the angle at which hair is wrapped?

base placement Signup and view all the answers

During on base placement, the hair is wrapped at an angle of 45 degrees beyond _______________ to its base section.

perpendicular Signup and view all the answers

During half base placement hair is wrapped at a _________ degree angle perpendicular to its base section and the tool is positioned half off its base.

90 Signup and view all the answers

During off base placement, hair is wrapped at a 45 degree angle below____________________ to its base section. The tool is positioned completely off its base section.

perpendicular Signup and view all the answers

Double rod wrap AKA piggyback wrap is used for what type of hair?

extra long hair Signup and view all the answers

Basic permanent waving is also known as a _ ____ wrap.

straight set Signup and view all the answers

What type of permanent wrap have partings and bases that radiate throughout the panels to follow the curvature of the head?

curvature permanent wrap Signup and view all the answers

During bricklay permanent wrap, base sections are offset from each other row by row to prevent what?

noticeable splits and to blend the flow of hair Signup and view all the answers

What perming technique uses zig-zag partings to divide base sections?

weave technique Signup and view all the answers

What type of perms are for clients who do not wish the entire head of hair to be curled?

partial perms Signup and view all the answers

In order to make a smooth transition from the rolled section of the head to an unrolled section, use a tool for the last tool next to an __ section.

large, unrolled Signup and view all the answers

Many men are looking for added ______________, fullness, style, and low maintenance that only a perm can provide.

texture Signup and view all the answers

____ leave a coating on the hair that may cause curls, severe discoloration, or hair breakage.

metallic salts, uneven Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Chemical Texture Services

Peptide bonds join amino acids to form long polypeptide chains, essential for protein structure.
Polypeptide chains are formed by long sequences of amino acids linked via peptide bonds.
Keratin proteins consist of coiled chains of amino acids, making up hair and providing structure.
Disulfide bonds are strong connections formed by sulfur atoms in adjacent protein chains, crucial for hair's resilience.
Alkaline solutions soften and swell hair, opening the cuticle for better product penetration.
The waving solution can break disulfide bonds in the hair’s cortex through a reduction chemical reaction.
Ammonium thioglycolate acts as the active reducing agent in alkaline perms.
Thioglycolic acid is combined with ammonium to produce ammonium thioglycolate.
Coarse hair benefits from stronger alkaline solutions due to its resistant cuticle layer.
Porous hair is more susceptible to damage from highly alkaline solutions due to its compromised cuticle.
The perm solution's alkalinity should align with the hair's porosity and cuticle strength for effective results.
Glyceryl monothioglycolate is the active ingredient in true acid and acid-balanced waving lotions.
Modern acid waves process more quickly and create firmer curls compared to traditional acid waves.
Exothermic waves generate heat during the chemical reaction, enhancing processing speed.
Endothermic waves require external heat sources, like hooded dryers, for activation.
Processing time is guided by the solution's strength rather than duration, typically lasting 5 to 10 minutes.
Fine hair is fragile, requiring less processing due to its susceptibility to damage.
Coarse hair may require longer processing times and shows resistance to chemical actions.
Properly processing a permanent wave reforms about 50% of the hair’s disulfide bonds for effective curl retention.
Excessive breaking of disulfide bonds weakens hair, preventing it from holding curls.
Hair at the scalp tends to be less curly than at the ends, needing more processing time for even curl formation.
Thio neutralizers are used to rebuild disulfide bonds into their new shape post-treatment.
If hair is not rinsed properly during neutralization, hydrogen peroxide in the neutralizer may bleach the hair.
Applying an acidic liquid protein conditioner before neutralization can benefit damaged hair by providing extra moisture.
Thio neutralization during stage two removes extra hydrogen atoms to help reform the hair structure.
When performing a preliminary test curl, use different sections of the head for varied results, including the nape.
Concave rods create curls with a smaller middle circumference compared to the ends.
Straight rods maintain a consistent diameter to produce uniform curls across the hair strand.
End papers, or end wraps, control the ends of the hair while wrapping for perming.
Double flat wraps involve two end papers, securing the hair strand fully.
Single flat wraps utilize one end paper on top of the hair being wrapped.
Bookend wraps are made using one end paper folded over the hair ends like an envelope.
Base sections refer to subsections into which the hair is divided for perm wrapping.
Base placement relates to the positioning of the rod in comparison to the base section of hair.
The angle of hair wrapping determines the base placement and curl definition.
On base placement requires wrapping hair at a 45-degree angle beyond perpendicular to the base section.
Half base placement wraps hair at a 90-degree angle to its base section, with the tool placed halfway off.
Off base placement wraps hair at a 45-degree angle below perpendicular, fully removing the tool from the base.
A double rod or piggyback wrap is specifically designed for extra long hair.
Basic permanent waving is also known as straight set wrap, using a consistent approach throughout.
Curvature permanent wraps adapt partings that follow the head's shape for a natural look.
Bricklay permanent wraps offset base sections to minimize splits, creating a seamless flow.
Weave technique involves zig-zag partings for varied texture in perming.
Partial perms target specific sections for clients desiring selective curling.
A large tool can aid in smoothing transitions between rolled and unrolled hair sections.
Many men seek perms for added texture, fullness, and low maintenance styling options.
Metallic salts can coat hair, potentially leading to uneven curls, discoloration, or breakage.

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Description

Test your knowledge on chemical texture services in cosmetology with this quiz. Focus on important terms such as peptide bonds and polypeptide chains that are essential in understanding hair chemistry. Perfect for students preparing for exams or practicing their knowledge in this chapter.