Cosmetology Chapter 16 Quiz & Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

Good haircuts begin with an understanding of the shape of the head, as referred to as the ____________.

Head Form

To help achieve the look that you and your client are seeking, be aware of where the head form ____________.

Curves, turns, and changes

__________________ on the head mark where the surface of the head changes.

Reference points

List four common reference points.

Parietal Ridge, Occipital Bone, Apex, Four Corners Signup and view all the answers

An understanding of head shape and reference points will help the cosmetologist in which ways?

Finding balance within the design, developing consistency in haircuts, showing necessary technique changes for irregularities. Signup and view all the answers

How can you find the parietal ridge?

By placing a comb flat on the side of the head: The head starts to curve away from the comb. Signup and view all the answers

Describe how to find the occipital bone.

Feel the back of the skull or place a comb flat against the nape and find where the comb leaves the head. Signup and view all the answers

Explain how to find the apex.

Placing a comb flat on top of the head. The comb will rest on that highest point. Signup and view all the answers

Outline two ways to find the four corners.

Placing two combs flat against the side and back, and then locating the back corner at the point where the two combs meet; Making two diagonal lines crossing the apex of the head, which then point directly to the front and back corners. Signup and view all the answers

Name the areas of the head.

Top, Front, Sides, Crown, Nape, Back, Bang Area Signup and view all the answers

Why is locating the parietal ridge important?

Hair that grows below the parietal ridge hangs because of gravity; it lies on top of the head. Signup and view all the answers

Give the procedure for determining the front of the head.

By making a parting or drawing a line from the apex to the back of the ear. Signup and view all the answers

Where are the sides of the head?

They include all hair from the back of the ear forward below the parietal ridge. Signup and view all the answers

What is the crown, and why is it important to identify?

The crown is the area between the apex and the back of the parietal ridge; it is flat and the site of cowlicks or whorls. Signup and view all the answers

What is the nape, and how can it be identified?

The area at the back part of the neck, below the occipital bone, identified by a horizontal parting or a line across the occipital bone. Signup and view all the answers

What does the back of the head consist of? Explain how to locate it.

It consists of all hair that falls naturally behind the ear; locate it by drawing a line from the apex to the back of the ear. Signup and view all the answers

Define the bang or fringe area.

A triangular section that begins at the apex and ends at the front corners. Signup and view all the answers

A ____________ is a thin, continuous mark used as a guide.

Line Signup and view all the answers

A ___________ is created when the space between two lines or surfaces intersects at a given point.

Angle Signup and view all the answers

What are the two basic lines used in haircutting?

Straight and curved Signup and view all the answers

Angles are important elements in creating a ______________________________________ in haircutting.

Strong foundation and consistency Signup and view all the answers

Name three types of straight lines.

Vertical, Diagonal, Horizontal Signup and view all the answers

Horizontal lines are _________ from the floor and relative to the horizon.

Parallel Signup and view all the answers

Vertical lines are ______________ to the horizon.

Perpendicular Signup and view all the answers

Diagonal lines have a _________________ direction.

Slanting/sloping Signup and view all the answers

_________________________________ techniques use diagonal lines to create angles by cutting the ends of the hair with a slight increase or decrease in length.

Beveling Signup and view all the answers

For control during haircutting, the hair is parted into working areas called _________________.

Sections Signup and view all the answers

Each section may be divided into smaller areas called ________________.

Subsections Signup and view all the answers

The line dividing the hair at the scalp, separating one section of the hair from another, is called a or _.

Part/Parting Signup and view all the answers

List four types of sections used in haircutting.

Horseshoe section, Pivoting section, Profile section, Radial section Signup and view all the answers

_______________ is the degree at which a subsection of hair is held, or elevated, from the head when cutting.

Elevation Signup and view all the answers

In a blunt cut or one-length haircut, what degree of elevation is employed?

0 degrees Signup and view all the answers

What are the two most commonly used elevations in haircutting?

45 and 90 degrees Signup and view all the answers

The more you elevate the hair, the more ________________________ you create.

Graduation Signup and view all the answers

When you elevate hair below 90 degrees, you _____________________ weight.

Building Signup and view all the answers

When you elevate the hair at 90 degrees or higher, you ____________________ weight.

Removing Signup and view all the answers

___________________ is when hair contracts or lifts through the action of moisture loss/drying.

Shrinkage Signup and view all the answers

Hair shrinks when it dries. Hair will shrink ______________ when it dries.

1/4 - 1/2 inch (1.25 cm) Signup and view all the answers

The _________________ is the angle at which the fingers are held when cutting the line that creates the end shape.

Cutting Line Signup and view all the answers

List the other names for the term cutting line.

Cutting Position, Cutting Angle, Finger Angle, Finger Position Signup and view all the answers

Cutting lines can be described as:

Horizontal cutting line, Vertical cutting line, Diagonal cutting line, using degrees in relation to the angle to the head. Signup and view all the answers

Determine the term: Guideline.

A guide, a subsection of hair that determines the length the hair will be cut. Signup and view all the answers

The _ of a cut is the outer line, while the _ is the inner or internal line of the cut.

Perimeter; Interior Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of guidelines in haircutting?

Stationary and Traveling Signup and view all the answers

A guideline that does not move during haircutting is considered ________________.

Stationary Signup and view all the answers

A guideline that moves as a haircut progresses is classified as ____________________.

Traveling Signup and view all the answers

What is overdirection, and why is it used?

Overdirection is used mostly in graduated and layered haircuts where you want to create a length increase by pulling the hair away from its natural position. Signup and view all the answers

A ____________ is a conversation between the cosmetologist and client during which they determine the most suitable haircut.

Consultation Signup and view all the answers

Explain how to analyze face shape.

Pull the hair away with a clip or wrap the hair in a towel. Determine if the face is wide or long. Signup and view all the answers

What does analyzing face shape accomplish?

To make the best decision about a haircut. Signup and view all the answers

When analyzing face shape, an important point to consider is the client's _________, or how the client looks from the side.

Profile Signup and view all the answers

What four characteristics determine the behavior of hair?

Growth Patterns, Texture, Density, Elasticity Signup and view all the answers

The _____________ is the hair that grows at the outermost perimeter along the face, around the ears, and on the neck.

Hairline Signup and view all the answers

The growth pattern is the direction in which the hair grows from the scalp, also called the _ or the .

Natural Fall and Natural Falling Position Signup and view all the answers

You may need to use _____________ tension when cutting cowlicks, whorls, and other growth patterns to compensate for being pushed up when it dries.

Less Signup and view all the answers

The number of individual strands on 1 square inch (2.5 cm²) of scalp is known as ___________________.

Hair Density Signup and view all the answers

___________________ is usually classified as coarse, medium, or fine and is based on the thickness or diameter of each strand.

Hair texture Signup and view all the answers

Why are density and texture important?

Because different hair textures respond differently to the same type of cutting. Signup and view all the answers

Which three countries are primarily responsible for manufacturing the steel used to make professional shears?

Japan, Germany, and the United States Signup and view all the answers

Generally, a shear with a Rockwell hardness of at least _ or is ideal.

56/57 Signup and view all the answers

As the strength or hardness of the steel increases, the shear's ability to retain a sharp edge: (Means less frequent sharpening and maintenance).

Decreases Signup and view all the answers

A ___________ shear is made by pouring molten steel into a mold.

Cast Signup and view all the answers

A _____________ shear is made by a process of working metal into a finished shape by hammering or pressing.

Forged Signup and view all the answers

Compare forged shears with cast ones.

Forged shears are made by hammering or pressing, while cast shears are made by pouring molten steel into a mold. Signup and view all the answers

List all the tasks that should be on the shears' maintenance schedule.

Daily cleaning and lubrication, Daily tension adjustment and balancing, Weekly cleaning and lubrication, Disinfecting shears, Sharpening shears Signup and view all the answers

True or False: A left-handed cutter can use a right-handed shear by simply turning the shear over.

False Signup and view all the answers

Name the things a cosmetologist should look for when considering a shears purchase.

Manufacturing method, steel quality, blade edge type, handle design, proper fit, hands-on testing, swivel thumb options, service agreement, warranty, cost analysis, number of pairs needed. Signup and view all the answers

When purchasing shears, a full ___ edge will give the smoothest cut, while a edge is dull and can be noisy.

Convex; Beveled Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following types of shears adds increased blending?

Texturizing Signup and view all the answers

Ergonomically correct and custom-fitted shears can help the cosmetologist dramatically by:

Allowing relaxation of grip, reducing thumb pressure, enabling the shear to cut with less effort. Signup and view all the answers

List the four components of correctly fitting a shear.

Fitting, Fitting the thumb, Relaxing your grip, Correct finger Position and alignment Signup and view all the answers

It is important to hold tools properly because doing so:

Gives you control and the best results while avoiding muscle strain. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the important elements of holding shears.

Place the ring finger in the finger grip of the still blade, the little finger on the finger tang, and the thumb in the thumb grip. Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to always hold the comb while cutting?

To maintain control while repositioning the shears and ensuring clean sections. Signup and view all the answers

Differentiate between the roles of the dominant hand and the holding hand during haircutting.

The dominant hand cuts and parts the hair, while the holding hand supports and manages sections. Signup and view all the answers

Explain what it means to 'palm the shears'.

Remove your thumb from the grip, leaving your fingers in the grip, and curl them to keep the shears closed. Signup and view all the answers

Define the phrase transferring the comb.

Once your fingers are positioned correctly, transfer the comb to the thumb and index finger of your holding hand. Signup and view all the answers

A __________________, or feather blade, is a versatile tool that can be used for an entire haircut.

Straight Razor Signup and view all the answers

Describe two methods of holding a razor.

Method A: Grip the razor with thumb on the grip and fingers wrapping around the handle; Method B: Open the razor until the handle and shank form a line, placing the thumb on the grip. Signup and view all the answers

In a comb, teeth are used for combing and parting the hair, while _ teeth comb a section before cutting.

Wide; Finer Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Head Form and Reference Points

Understanding head shape is crucial for effective haircutting.
Reference points help identify where the head's surface changes, like curves and turns.
Common reference points include the Parietal Ridge, Occipital Bone, Apex, and Four Corners.

Importance of Head Shape Knowledge

Aids in achieving balance in haircut design for symmetry.
Enables consistent haircut recreation.
Informs necessary technique adjustments for different head shapes.

Finding Reference Points

Parietal Ridge: Identified by running a comb flat on the head; it marks where the head curves away.
Occipital Bone: Found by feeling the back of the skull or placing a comb against the nape.
Apex: Located by placing a comb flat on the top of the head to find the highest point.
Four Corners: Identified using combs placed flat against the sides and back, or by drawing diagonal lines across the apex.

Head Areas

Areas of the head include Top, Front, Sides, Crown, Nape, Back, and Bang Area.
Understanding these areas is vital for precise haircutting.

Haircutting Techniques and Lines

Lines are fundamental in haircutting; primary types include straight and curved lines.
Angles create shape and consistency in haircuts.
Straight lines can be vertical, diagonal, or horizontal, each serving unique purposes in design.

Sectioning and Elevation

Hair is divided into sections and subsections for manageable cutting.
Elevation refers to the angle at which hair is held from the head.
Common elevations include 0, 45, and 90 degrees, with effects on hair weight and graduation.

Hair Characteristics

Hair behavior is determined by growth patterns, texture, density, and elasticity.
Hairline refers to the outer perimeter hair growth around the face and neck.

Shear Knowledge

Quality shears are crucial; the best steel types come from Japan, Germany, and the USA.
Ideal shear hardness is 56/57 on the Rockwell scale.
Shears can be cast (poured into molds) or forged (shaped by hammering).

Shear Maintenance and Ergonomics

Essential tasks for shear maintenance include cleaning, lubrication, and regular sharpening.
Properly fitting and ergonomically designed shears reduce strain and improve cutting efficiency.

Cutting Techniques

Proper tool handling techniques ensure control and prevent strain.
Techniques such as "palm the shears" and "transferring the comb" facilitate smooth cutting motions.
Holding the comb properly during a haircut aids in section control and cutting accuracy.

Razor Usage

Straight razors can be used throughout a haircut for versatility.
Proper razor handling techniques enhance control and effectiveness when cutting hair.

Professional Practice

Consultations among cosmetologists and clients are essential for successful haircuts.
Face shapes and profiles greatly influence suitable haircut styles.
Understanding hair density and texture varies responses to different haircutting methods.

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Test your knowledge with these flashcards based on Chapter 16 of your cosmetology workbook. Each card will help reinforce key concepts about head shapes and reference points essential for hairstyling. Perfect for preparing for exams or improving practical skills.

Cosmetology Chapter 16 Flashcards

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