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Questions and Answers
Which agency is responsible for formulating a public sector institutional strengthening agenda?
Which agency is responsible for formulating a public sector institutional strengthening agenda?
What agency was formed to recover ill-gotten wealth from the Marcos family?
What agency was formed to recover ill-gotten wealth from the Marcos family?
Which agency replaced the old central bank established in 1946?
Which agency replaced the old central bank established in 1946?
Which agency shares information and resources to enhance coordination between its members' activities?
Which agency shares information and resources to enhance coordination between its members' activities?
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Which agency oversees the registration of securities?
Which agency oversees the registration of securities?
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Which agency was established in October 1999?
Which agency was established in October 1999?
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Which agency gathers evidence for probable cause hearings and files appropriate charges?
Which agency gathers evidence for probable cause hearings and files appropriate charges?
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Which agency is tasked with strengthening corporate governance?
Which agency is tasked with strengthening corporate governance?
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What is the primary function of the Ombudsman?
What is the primary function of the Ombudsman?
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What is the specific legal basis for the Ombudsman's mandate?
What is the specific legal basis for the Ombudsman's mandate?
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What is the primary function of the Sandiganbayan?
What is the primary function of the Sandiganbayan?
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Which of the following acts is NOT under the jurisdiction of the Sandiganbayan?
Which of the following acts is NOT under the jurisdiction of the Sandiganbayan?
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What is the primary responsibility of the Sandiganbayan?
What is the primary responsibility of the Sandiganbayan?
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Which of the following is NOT a way in which the Ombudsman can address complaints?
Which of the following is NOT a way in which the Ombudsman can address complaints?
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What is the approximate number of cases handled by the Sandiganbayan from 1991 to 2000?
What is the approximate number of cases handled by the Sandiganbayan from 1991 to 2000?
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Which of the following officials DOES NOT fall under the jurisdiction of the Sandiganbayan?
Which of the following officials DOES NOT fall under the jurisdiction of the Sandiganbayan?
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Based on the provided data, how many cases were received by the Ombudsman in 2001?
Based on the provided data, how many cases were received by the Ombudsman in 2001?
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What is the main purpose of the Civil Service Commission (CSC)?
What is the main purpose of the Civil Service Commission (CSC)?
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What is the total number of cases that were pending at the end of 2001?
What is the total number of cases that were pending at the end of 2001?
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How many cases were disposed of by the Ombudsman in 2001?
How many cases were disposed of by the Ombudsman in 2001?
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What is the approximate number of civil servants in the Philippines?
What is the approximate number of civil servants in the Philippines?
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Which of the following is NOT a common type of case handled by the Sandiganbayan?
Which of the following is NOT a common type of case handled by the Sandiganbayan?
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What is the relationship between the Ombudsman and the Sandiganbayan?
What is the relationship between the Ombudsman and the Sandiganbayan?
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What is the estimated amount of money involved in cases handled by the Sandiganbayan from 1991 to 2000?
What is the estimated amount of money involved in cases handled by the Sandiganbayan from 1991 to 2000?
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What is the primary goal of the Corruption Prevention Unit (CPU) Program?
What is the primary goal of the Corruption Prevention Unit (CPU) Program?
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Which of the following entities has played a significant role in raising public awareness and promoting discussions about governance and corruption, as mentioned in the text?
Which of the following entities has played a significant role in raising public awareness and promoting discussions about governance and corruption, as mentioned in the text?
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What action did the Office of the Ombudsman take to combat corruption, as described in the text?
What action did the Office of the Ombudsman take to combat corruption, as described in the text?
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How has the media contributed to combating corruption?
How has the media contributed to combating corruption?
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What initiative did the Commission on Audit undertake to enhance its auditing processes, as mentioned in the text?
What initiative did the Commission on Audit undertake to enhance its auditing processes, as mentioned in the text?
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Which of the following aspects is NOT directly mentioned in the text as a contributing factor to the fight against corruption?
Which of the following aspects is NOT directly mentioned in the text as a contributing factor to the fight against corruption?
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What is the primary objective of the Makati Business Club, according to the text?
What is the primary objective of the Makati Business Club, according to the text?
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Which of the following programs or initiatives WAS NOT mentioned in the text as being directly involved in combating corruption?
Which of the following programs or initiatives WAS NOT mentioned in the text as being directly involved in combating corruption?
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Which of these is NOT a specific activity recommended as part of a medium-term anti-corruption program?
Which of these is NOT a specific activity recommended as part of a medium-term anti-corruption program?
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What is a crucial element of a coalition building effort?
What is a crucial element of a coalition building effort?
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What is the primary purpose of establishing a multi-sectoral advisory group for anti-corruption efforts?
What is the primary purpose of establishing a multi-sectoral advisory group for anti-corruption efforts?
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How does the text propose to improve transparency and quality of public services?
How does the text propose to improve transparency and quality of public services?
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Which aspect of the coalition building effort is crucial for advancing anti-corruption reform?
Which aspect of the coalition building effort is crucial for advancing anti-corruption reform?
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Which of these is a recommended strategy for altering people's and policymakers' values about corruption?
Which of these is a recommended strategy for altering people's and policymakers' values about corruption?
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What is a key recommendation for sustaining the DBM-led program for reform of government procurement?
What is a key recommendation for sustaining the DBM-led program for reform of government procurement?
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How does the text suggest improving fiscal monitoring and reducing the risk of corruption?
How does the text suggest improving fiscal monitoring and reducing the risk of corruption?
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What significant change occurred during the Ramos administration regarding pork barrel allocations?
What significant change occurred during the Ramos administration regarding pork barrel allocations?
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How much pork barrel funding did each House member receive during the current period described?
How much pork barrel funding did each House member receive during the current period described?
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What triggered the establishment of the Countrywide Development Fund (CDF)?
What triggered the establishment of the Countrywide Development Fund (CDF)?
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What was one of the main criticisms of pork barrel spending as mentioned?
What was one of the main criticisms of pork barrel spending as mentioned?
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Which statement accurately reflects the situation under Martial Law regarding pork barrel distribution?
Which statement accurately reflects the situation under Martial Law regarding pork barrel distribution?
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Flashcards
Pork Barrel
Pork Barrel
Government funds appropriated for projects that benefit a specific district or group.
Development Fund (CDF)
Development Fund (CDF)
A fund created for legislators to finance infrastructure projects for their constituents in the Philippines.
Golden Age of Pork
Golden Age of Pork
Period during the Ramos administration when pork barrel allocations reached their peak in the Philippines.
Pork allocations
Pork allocations
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Marcos Era Pork Politics
Marcos Era Pork Politics
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Ombudsman Law of 1989
Ombudsman Law of 1989
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Ombudsman
Ombudsman
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Administrative liability
Administrative liability
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Criminal liability
Criminal liability
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Sandiganbayan
Sandiganbayan
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Graft and corruption
Graft and corruption
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Pending cases
Pending cases
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Disposed cases
Disposed cases
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R.A 3019
R.A 3019
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R.A 9160
R.A 9160
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Jurisdiction of Sandiganbayan
Jurisdiction of Sandiganbayan
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Members of Congress (SG 27)
Members of Congress (SG 27)
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Civil Service Commission
Civil Service Commission
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Common Cases in Sandiganbayan
Common Cases in Sandiganbayan
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Total Cases Handled (1991-2000)
Total Cases Handled (1991-2000)
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Presidential Commission on Good Governance
Presidential Commission on Good Governance
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Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas
Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas
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Securities and Exchange Commission
Securities and Exchange Commission
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Inter-Agency Anti-Graft Coordinating Council
Inter-Agency Anti-Graft Coordinating Council
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National Bureau of Investigation
National Bureau of Investigation
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Presidential Committee on Effective Governance
Presidential Committee on Effective Governance
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Presidential Anti-Graft Commission
Presidential Anti-Graft Commission
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Executive Orders
Executive Orders
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Corruption Prevention Units
Corruption Prevention Units
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Junior Graft-Watch Units
Junior Graft-Watch Units
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Media's Role
Media's Role
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PCIJ
PCIJ
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Commission on Audit
Commission on Audit
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Corruption Prevention Unit (CPU) Program
Corruption Prevention Unit (CPU) Program
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Makati Business Club
Makati Business Club
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Anti-Corruption Leadership
Anti-Corruption Leadership
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Multi-Sectoral Advisory Group
Multi-Sectoral Advisory Group
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Public Oversight
Public Oversight
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Budgetary Reforms
Budgetary Reforms
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Corporate Governance Improvement
Corporate Governance Improvement
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Judicial Reforms
Judicial Reforms
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Coalition Building
Coalition Building
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Political Champions
Political Champions
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Study Notes
Typology of Corruption
- Corruption is the abuse of public office for private gain.
- Some corruption is agency-specific, others are common across multiple agencies
- Three layers of corruption exist:
- Within the political system (electoral politics, patronage, pork barrel)
- Within the public sector (spotty performance in identifying/sanctioning corrupt employees, employment/pay considerations, government procurement)
- Within individual agencies (grand vs. petty corruption)
- "Dirty money" categories include bribes, grease money, extortion, and political contributions.
Assessment of Corruption in the Philippines
- The Philippines is one of the most corrupt countries in Asia (2005 report).
- Corruption and cronyism are significant issues.
- Only 13% of businesses in the Philippines are untainted by corruption (2000 survey).
- A large percentage of businesses report engaging in corrupt practices (2000 World Bank survey).
- Public perception of government commitment to combatting corruption was mixed in surveys.
Corruption in the Philippines: Prevalence, Costs, and Consequences
- Corruption pervades the public and private sectors.
- Corruption damages the economy (significant economic losses, poor growth, underdevelopment), leads to political instability, undermines societal values, and compromises government agencies.
- Losses from corruption are extensive (US$48 billion, PhP2 billion annually).
Cases of Corruption
- Marcos Regime: Corruption was rampant, with alleged widespread abuse of power, embezzlement of funds, and extortion.
- Aquino Administration (1986-1992): Stories of President's relatives engaging in shady transactions and corrupt deals.
- Ramos Regime: Corruption scandals affected the economy.
- Estrada Presidency: Traditional methods of presidential plunder were employed, alongside newer methods such as stock market speculation and corporate mergers.
Reforms and Initiatives to Combat Corruption
- The Arroyo administration banned government contracts with the president, husband, or relatives.
- The Presidential Anti-Graft Commission was created to investigate allegations of corruption.
- The government strengthened the Presidential Committee on Effective Governance to tackle corruption.
- Efforts were made to recover ill-gotten wealth (from previous administrations).
- The government created dedicated bodies for anti-corruption and strengthened the legislation and administrative processes.
Corruption in the Legislative, Judiciary, and Military
- The Pork Barrel system involves appropriations and favors for representatives' districts (discretionary funding).
- Corruption in the judiciary was highlighted through specific cases (PLDT case, Beer case).
- Military corruption is also an area of concern, with instances of alleged misuse of funds and abuse of authority.
Corruption in Government Agencies
- The Commission on Audit (COA) monitors government spending and finances.
- The Office of the Ombudsman handles graft and corruption complaints.
- Inter-agency Coordination (including the COA, Office of the Ombudsman, Civil Service Commission, PAGC, Department of Justice, and NBI) is critical.
Methods to Reduce Corruption
- Implementing a wide-reaching framework with clear guidelines and consistent application.
- Supporting independent oversight agencies and providing them robust tools.
- Working with the private sector, communities, and other stakeholders to encourage accountability.
- Creating a culture of integrity and a strong civil society that ensures constant scrutiny.
- Raising awareness about corruption, encouraging proactive reporting of instances, and supporting individuals reporting corruption.
- Conducting regular performance audits to pinpoint possible systemic failures or weaknesses.
International Experiences
- Many Asian countries have significant corruption challenges.
- Some countries have developed effective strategies to combat corruption, including raising salaries, bolstering the justice system, and instituting transparency in procurement.
Government Initiatives to Combat Corruption
- Creation of inter-agency bodies to combat corruption (e.g, Inter-Agency Anti-Graft Coordinating Council).
- Implementing administrative orders, codes, ethical standards, and legislative reforms.
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Description
Explore the different layers of corruption, including its prevalence in the political system and public sector. This quiz assesses the state of corruption in the Philippines, highlighting statistics and perceptions from various reports. Test your understanding of how corruption affects governance and business practices.