19 Questions
Match the following correlation coefficients with their strength of relationship:
0.90 = Strong positive relationship -0.70 = Strong negative relationship 0.20 = Slight relationship 0.55 = Moderate relationship
Match the following correlation coefficients with their interpretational value:
0.10 = No relationship 0.45 = Educational research value -0.25 = Negative relationship 0.80 = High predictive value
Match the following correlation coefficients with their suitability for individual predictions:
0.30 = Crude predictions possible 0.65 = Reasonably accurate predictions -0.40 = Not suitable for predictions 0.50 = Minimum threshold for individual predictions
Match the following terms with their definitions:
Correlational research = Identify relationships among variables Causal connection = Establish cause and effect Predictor variable = Variable used to make predictions Criterion variable = Variable about which predictions are made
Match the following correlation coefficients with their importance in determining relationships:
-0.15 = Variables not related 0.75 = Theoretical or practical value -0.60 = Low value in predictive sense 0.95 = Very strong relationship
Match the following purposes of correlational research with their descriptions:
Understanding phenomena = Clarify important concepts Prediction = Forecasting outcomes based on relationships
Match the following statements with their correct descriptions:
High school grades related to college grades = Example of prediction in correlational research Correlational studies and cause-effect relationship = Do not establish direct causation
Match the following terms with their roles in correlational research:
Scatterplots = Graphical representation of relationships Relationship among variables = Illustrated through scatterplots
Match the correlational study focus with its description:
Is variable X related to variable Y? = Examining the relationship between two variables How well does variable P predict variable C? = Assessing predictive power of one variable on another What are the relationships among a large number of variables, and what predictions can be made that are based on them? = Exploring relationships and making predictions based on multiple variables What aspect of a correlational study should be defined clearly to avoid future problems? = Defining variables
Match the correlational study titles with their topics:
What Makes Professional Development Effective? = Effectiveness of professional development Verbal Ability and Teacher Effectiveness. = Relationship between verbal ability and teacher effectiveness Bullying and Stress in Early Adolescence. = Connection between bullying and stress in early adolescence Perfectionism and Peer Relations Among Children with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. = Relationship between perfectionism and peer relations in children with OCD
Match the correlational study focus types with their descriptions:
Is variable X related to variable Y? = Type of question focusing on relationship between two variables How well does variable P predict variable C? = Type of question assessing predictive power of one variable on another What are the relationships among a large number of variables, and what predictions can be made that are based on them? = Type of question exploring relationships and making predictions based on multiple variables What is a key consideration when selecting a sample for a correlational study? = Careful selection and ideally random sampling
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
Population = The group from which data is collected Sample size = Minimum number considered acceptable for a correlational study Instruments = Tools used to measure variables in a study Correlation coefficient = Indicates the degree of relationship between variables
Match the following statements with their correct representation:
Samples smaller than 30 = May provide inaccurate relationship estimates Samples larger than 30 = More likely to give meaningful results Quantitative data = Must be yielded by instruments in correlational studies Explanatory study = Usually collects data on both variables within a short time
Match the following methods with their purpose:
Tests and questionnaires = Commonly used in correlational studies Observation = Another method used to collect data in studies Grade transcripts = Can sometimes be a source of data for correlational studies Single session administration = Method often used for instruments in explanatory studies
Match the following procedures with their outcomes:
Obtaining two scores from each individual = For correlating variables Correlation of pairs of scores = Results in a correlation coefficient Immediate back-to-back sessions = Used for some instrument administrations Data collected from records = Sometimes done in correlational studies
Match the following types of research with their descriptions:
Correlational research = Studying relationships among variables without manipulation Causal-comparative research = Comparing groups without manipulating variables Experimental research = Manipulating variables to determine causation Descriptive research = Describing existing relationships between variables
Match the following terms with their meanings:
Positive correlation = High scores on one variable associated with high scores on the other Negative correlation = High scores on one variable associated with low scores on the other Correlation coefficient = Measure of the strength and direction of a relationship between variables Associational research = Studying relationships among variables without attempting to influence them
Match the following research methods with their characteristics:
Correlational research = Investigates relationships between quantitative variables using correlation coefficients Causal-comparative research = Compares groups based on existing differences without manipulation Experimental research = Involves manipulation of variables to establish cause-and-effect relationships Descriptive research = Focuses on describing relationships between variables without manipulation
Match the following terms with their definitions:
Positive correlation = When high scores on one variable are linked to high scores on another variable Negative correlation = When high scores on one variable are linked to low scores on another variable Correlation coefficient = A statistical measure indicating the strength and direction of a relationship between two variables Associational research = Studying connections between variables without intervening to change them
Learn about the importance of defining variables in correlational studies and the types of problems that are focused on in such studies. Understand the rationale behind selecting variables and how to avoid problems by defining them clearly.
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