Corporate Social Responsibility in America vs Europe
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Questions and Answers

What is a distinguishing feature of American culture compared to European culture?

  • Stricter social welfare systems
  • Higher levels of taxation
  • More government regulation of businesses
  • Tradition of giving back to society (correct)

How do European governments typically use tax revenues in comparison to American governments?

  • Mainly for government subsidies
  • For social and solidarity activities (correct)
  • Primarily for military funding
  • To encourage private enterprise

In terms of corporate social responsibility (CSR), what is notable about the United States compared to Europe?

  • Higher levels of government control over CSR
  • Less emphasis on the social consequences of business
  • Stricter laws governing corporate behavior
  • Greater self-regulation among companies (correct)

What has driven the evolution of values and laws regarding CSR in Europe?

<p>Spread of American managerial practices (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the laws governing businesses in Europe, particularly in France?

<p>They prioritize social consequences over business intentions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of a product-sharing operation connected to a company’s core business?

<p>Greater visibility and long-term credibility (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect distinguishes American Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) from European CSR?

<p>More developed corporate philanthropy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) fundamentally imply about a company's role?

<p>Companies should align their activities with societal values. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is credited with the early definition of Corporate Social Responsibility?

<p>Bowen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes the risk associated with adding a social charge to a product?

<p>It may be seen as exploiting a social cause for marketing gain. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key aspect is essential for defining 'sustainable business'?

<p>Participating in sustainable development (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the concept of shared value best characterized?

<p>Creating economic value while addressing social needs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential downside of social causes used in marketing according to the content?

<p>They may lead to customer distrust regarding intentions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one negative impact of polluting water sources for companies?

<p>Heightened potential for reputational damage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these represents a risk of new regulations due to corporate misconduct?

<p>Financial penalties (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What could potentially lead to business discontinuities for companies like Coca-Cola?

<p>Environmental lawsuits (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can reducing resource use benefit a corporation?

<p>It mitigates financial risk (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one public response to Nike's corporate behavior?

<p>Boycotts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of corporate environmental negligence?

<p>Legal repercussions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are stakeholder identifications important in corporate ethics?

<p>They mitigate risks associated with corporate misconduct. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a corporation risk by not adhering to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) principles?

<p>Reputational damage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the maintenance turnover for Air France-KLM comes from external customers?

<p>33% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which predictive maintenance solution was launched by Air France-KLM in 2015?

<p>PROGNOS (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one way an aircraft can provide a longer lifetime?

<p>Leasing it back to the owner (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which company offers bedrooms and conference rooms inside a grounded aircraft?

<p>Jumbo Stay (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which company collaborates with Airbus for aircraft recycling?

<p>Tarmac Aerosave (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of expertise does the aircraft recycling field focus on?

<p>Pollution control (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are the aircraft recycling facilities operated by Airbus and Tarmac Aerosave located?

<p>France and Spain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one benefit of providing a 'second life' to aircraft?

<p>Minimizes environmental impact (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the calculated stakeholder value (SV) based on the given sales and opportunity costs?

<p>€900 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much value do customers contribute to the stakeholder value?

<p>€200 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the total opportunity cost sum up to for the stakeholders?

<p>€900 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the apparent accounting profit based on given figures?

<p>€650 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stakeholder has the lowest value contribution in this scenario?

<p>Shareholders (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the managerial slack calculated in this context?

<p>€450 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If customers were willing to pay €2,000 and the sales price is €1,800, what is the value gained by customers?

<p>€200 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of approach does the stakeholder value measurement utilize?

<p>Value creation and distribution approach (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one financial consequence of reducing employee travel?

<p>Risk of financial penalties and new regulations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which strategy is NOT mentioned as a means to improve employee well-being at Google?

<p>Mandatory overtime (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated cost of workplace discomfort per employee in 2020?

<p>€14,000 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential positive impact of improving employee well-being?

<p>Enhanced overall productivity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which risk is associated with neglecting employee mental health?

<p>Decreased workplace morale (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Reputational risk' refer to in the context of employee well-being?

<p>Negative public perception of the company (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a strategy used by companies like Google to prevent hidden costs?

<p>Provide feedback and training on human relations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a CSR opportunity mentioned?

<p>Investing in social issues for positive impact (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact does employee satisfaction have according to the corporate strategy?

<p>It can reduce costs related to attrition and absenteeism. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one negative impact of increasing workplace stress on employees?

<p>Higher levels of psychological distress (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one approach companies typically take to manage new market opportunities related to CSR?

<p>Identify and target social issues (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a strategy for enhancing resource productivity mentioned?

<p>Increasing employee travel obligations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the research highlight about the psychological state of French employees as of March 2023?

<p>44% are experiencing psychological distress. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Product-Sharing for Social Impact

A business strategy where a company partners with a social cause, using product sales to raise funds or awareness for that cause. It aims to link business operations directly to social good and build long-term impact.

Sustainability in Business

Refers to business practices that consider the environmental, social, and economic impacts of their activities, aiming to create a long-term positive effect on society while maintaining profitability.

Corporate Philanthropy

A form of corporate social responsibility where companies directly donate money, resources, or employee time to charitable causes.

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)

The idea that companies have a responsibility to act ethically and contribute positively to society, beyond just making profits, taking into account environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors.

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Shared Value

A business strategy focused on creating economic value in a way that also creates social value, solving social issues while growing the business.

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Visibility in CSR

The extent to which a company's social responsibility activities are visible and known to stakeholders, highlighting the company's positive impact and commitment to ethical practices.

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CSR as a Marketing Tool

The risk that CSR initiatives might be perceived as a tactic to boost sales or brand image rather than a genuine commitment to social good.

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US vs. EU CSR

A notable difference in CSR approaches, where US companies emphasize corporate philanthropy and transparent communication, while European companies prioritize broader social responsibility and stakeholder engagement.

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Social Welfare in Europe

European governments collect more taxes and use them to fund social programs like healthcare, retirement, unemployment benefits, disability support, and public education.

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American Culture and 'Giving Back'

American culture emphasizes the idea of "giving back to society" through philanthropy and volunteer work.

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US vs. EU Business Regulations

The United States has looser business regulations, allowing companies more discretion to go beyond legal requirements. Europe, particularly France, has stricter laws.

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American CSR in Europe

American managerial practices, including Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), have influenced European companies. European values and laws also emphasize social consequences of business actions.

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CSR: Beyond Legal Requirements

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) encourages companies to go beyond legal obligations and consider their social impact.

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Stakeholder Impact

The negative effects a company's actions can have on various groups, like consumers, employees, or the environment.

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Financial Penalty

A legal punishment for a company breaking laws or regulations, potentially involving fines or sanctions.

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Business Discontinuity

A disruption to a company's operations due to negative impacts, like boycotts or production halts.

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Reputational Risk

The potential for a company's image to be damaged due to negative publicity or actions.

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Corporate Strategy & CSR

How a company uses its business plans to be socially responsible, balancing profits with positive social impact.

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Boycott

A refusal to buy or use a company's products or services due to ethical concerns.

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Resource Efficiency

Using less energy and materials for production, benefitting the environment and reducing costs.

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Environmental Impact

The effect a company has on the environment, including pollution, resource depletion, or climate change.

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Employee Travel Cost Reduction

Reducing travel expenses for employees leads to lower company costs and less environmental impact in a concise timeframe. However, there are potential risks like financial penalties, disrupted business operations, and harm to the company's reputation.

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Stakeholders and Negative Impacts

Identifying and evaluating the potential negative impacts of cost reduction strategies on various stakeholders - including employees, customers, and the environment - is crucial for successful implementation.

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Employees' Well-being & Productivity

Investing in employee well-being, like flexible work schedules and mental health support, can significantly boost their productivity, leading to higher overall company performance.

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Google's Well-being Initiatives

Google prioritizes employee well-being through various initiatives like flexible schedules, personal project time, and remote work options, leading to improved work-life balance and higher employee satisfaction.

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CSR Differentiation & Social Impact

Companies can differentiate themselves through their commitment to corporate social responsibility (CSR), building a positive social impact by addressing social issues and investing ethically.

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Caisses d’Epargne CSR Example

Caisses d’Epargne, a French bank, exemplifies successful CSR by implementing social responsibility initiatives that benefit both the company and society.

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Schneider Electric CSR Example

Schneider Electric demonstrates CSR principles by prioritizing sustainability and social impact in its business activities.

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Ecotree Platform

Ecotree is a platform that facilitates sustainable investments by connecting individuals with reforestation projects, allowing them to contribute to a greener future.

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Predictive Maintenance

Using data and analytics to predict and prevent equipment failures, reducing downtime and costs. This involves analyzing patterns and trends in equipment performance to identify potential issues before they occur.

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Aircraft Second Life

Finding new uses for retired aircraft, extending their lifespan and reducing waste. Common examples include converting them into hotels, restaurants, or leasing them to other airlines.

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Aircraft Recycling

A complex process that involves dismantling, recycling, and reusing components of retired aircraft to minimize environmental impact and recover valuable materials. It includes special expertise in pollution control and material handling.

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Aircraft Maintenance Turnover

The revenue generated from providing maintenance services to other airlines, representing expertise and know-how.

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PROGNOS

A specific predictive maintenance solution launched by Air France-KLM in 2015, aimed at anticipating and preventing breakdowns in aircraft.

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Jumbo Stay

A unique hotel housed inside a retired Boeing 747 jumbo jet, offering bedrooms, conference rooms, and even a cockpit suite.

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Tarmac Aerosave

A company that specializes in aircraft deconstruction and recycling, partnering with Airbus to manage the end-of-life process for retired planes.

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Airbus Recycling Partners

Companies working with Airbus in the field of aircraft recycling, contributing expertise and resources to manage the end-of-life process for retired planes.

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Stakeholder Value

The total value created for all stakeholders involved in a business, including customers, suppliers, employees, lenders, and shareholders. It's the difference between each stakeholder's perceived value received and their opportunity cost.

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Opportunity Cost

The value of the best alternative forgone when making a choice. It's what a stakeholder would have earned or received if they had chosen a different option.

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Stakeholder Value Calculation

Calculating stakeholder value involves subtracting the sum of each stakeholder's opportunity cost from the total value the business creates. This value is distributed among all stakeholders.

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Apparent Accounting Profit

The profit shown in a company's financial statements, calculated traditionally as total revenue minus all expenses. It often doesn't reflect the true value created for stakeholders.

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Managerial Slack

The difference between a company's apparent accounting profit and the actual value created for all stakeholders. It represents potential value that isn't being distributed efficiently.

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Stakeholder Governance

The process of managing and prioritizing stakeholder value, ensuring that all stakeholders benefit from the business's activities.

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Stakeholder Approach

A business approach that focuses on creating and distributing value among all stakeholders, not just shareholders. It prioritizes long-term sustainability and ethical practices.

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Value Distribution

The way a company allocates the value it creates among its stakeholders, taking into account their contributions and opportunity costs.

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Study Notes

Key Skills for Corporate Transition

  • Students will understand the dependence and impact of businesses on environmental systems and society
  • Students will be aware of the social acceptability issues of various technological transitions aimed at reducing environmental impact
  • Students will learn how to balance the pros and cons in a social and environmental perspective of various technological options

Key Skills for Corporate Transition - Sessions

  • There will be five sessions with five different teachers
  • Session 1: Economics (October 2nd - Ioannis Bournakis)
  • Session 2: Life cycle analysis (October 16th - Yoann Guntzburger)
  • Session 3: Sustainable business (October 30th - Aurélie Peyron)
  • Session 4: Innovation (November 20th - Sophie Chlela)
  • Session 5: Artificial intelligence (November 27th - Margherita Pagani)

Assessment

  • End session quiz on K2 - 20%
  • Midterm (30 minutes): 30 multiple choice questions - 30%
  • Final exam (90 minutes): open-ended questions - 50%

Sustainable Business

  • Business organizations participate in sustainable development's society model
  • Corporate philanthropy
  • Corporate Social Responsibility
  • Shared value

What is a Sustainable Business?

  • A business that contributes to Sustainable Development
  • Addresses environmental and social problems
  • Addresses solutions for these problems

Environmental Problems

  • Global warming
  • Plastic gyres
  • Pollution

Society Problems

  • Employment (Jobs)
  • Inequality (income disparity)
  • Freedom of speech rights

Sustainable Development

  • The Brundtland Commission defines sustainable development as development that meets the needs of the present without compromising future generations from meeting their own needs.
  • Involves environmental, social, and economic factors.
  • Involves finding a balance between the needs of the current generation and the potential needs of the generations in future.

Business Contribution to Sustainable Development

  • Eliminate negative impacts on society and the environment.
  • Reduce negative impacts on society and the environment.
  • Compensate for negative impacts on society and the environment.
  • Increase positive impacts on society and the environment.
  • Create new positive impacts on society and the environment.

Business Contribution to Sustainable Development - Airline Industry

  • Eliminate negative impacts: KLM supports AeroDelft in designing a liquid hydrogen aircraft; Air France-KLM participates in initiatives to accelerate zero-emission commercial aviation technologies.
  • Reduce negative impacts: Air France-KLM is renewing its fleet with more fuel-efficient aircraft (Airbus A350, A320neo, Airbus A220, Embraer 195-E2s); incorporating Sustainable Aviation Fuel; participating in initiatives to increase production and supply of renewable and low carbon fuels.
  • Reduce negative impacts: Implementing new tools based on artificial intelligence in partnership with innovative start-ups such as SkyBreathe and OptiFlight for precise tracking of fuel-efficiency practices; new decompression and drift procedures; weight reduction strategies for aircraft.
  • Increase positive impacts: Creating "Train + Air" & "Air&Rail" combining air and train.
  • Compensate negative impacts: Support carbon capture, projects and invest in biodiversity conservation like reforestation projects in Panama, Uganda, and Colombia.
  • Engage customers: through individual or corporate SAF (Sustainable Aviation Fuel) programs. All members of Air France-KLM's Flying Blue program can purchase SAF to earn or maintain Flying Blue's Elite status.

Corporate Philanthropy

  • Strictly defined as voluntary donations of corporate resources to charitable causes
  • Not considered to be a personal action
  • Not the same as sponsorship, as it doesn't involve exchange.

Reasons for Corporate Philanthropy

  • To manage impacts on society and the environment.
  • To compensate for negative impacts
  • When expertise required to solve the problem is unavailable internally, cost-effectiveness (in relation to employing the firm's resources) is considered when deciding to finance initiatives through an external organization, rather than internally.

Different Ways to Engage in Corporate Philanthropy

  • Financial giving (direct donations, foundations)
  • In-kind donations (materials, products, real estate)
  • Skills-based volunteering (employees' time contributed to associations)

Foundations - Banking Industry Examples

  • Private funds, endowment funds
  • Short-term vs Long-term commitment
  • Influence vs Conformity

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)

  • Companies have a responsibility toward society, and that includes balancing business activities with society's values and goals.
  • Different cultural interpretations, such as America's focus on "giving back" vs Europe's approach to social and governmental obligations.
  • Differences in legislative pressure (e.g., the US vs Europe).
  • The ISO 26000 standard provides a globally recognized and accepted definition of CSR.

Stakeholders

  • Anyone that can be/is impacted or influenced by an organization or firm's actions.
  • Includes individuals & groups, as well as the company itself
  • Include their contributions to the value creation process
  • Identify relationships and influence levels

Conflict of Interest

  • Stakeholders' interests, versus society interests, versus shareholders interests.
  • Potential conflicts due to differing needs or expectations among these entities in operations in a business.

Why Engage in CSR?

  • Moral motivation
  • Relational motivation
  • Instrumental motivation

Corporate Strategy & CSR

  • Balancing profitability and satisfying demands for CSR from various stakeholders (consumers, employees, community).
  • Identifying and addressing negative impacts to stakeholders.

Product-Sharing

  • Allowing customers to contribute to social causes by purchasing
  • Ex: Volvic-Unicef operation, focusing on accessibility to drinking water.

Addressing Environmental Issues

  • Implement sustainable supply chains - regenerate businesses
  • Utilize ecodesign with modularity
  • Reduce carbon footprint with reshoring & disintermediation
  • Employ responsible consumption models.
  • Ensure longer product lifetime

Addressing Society Issues

  • Develop social inclusion strategies (BOP).
  • Consider social finance measures like social impact bonds and microfinance.
  • Foster company structures with equitable policies like cooperative status and leadership models.
  • Establish stakeholder governance by integrating their values into business practices.
  • Implement sharing economy models, to exchange goods and services.

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Description

This quiz examines the key distinctions between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in the United States and Europe. It covers various aspects, including cultural influences, government tax revenue usage, and legal characteristics. Test your understanding of how these factors shape business practices and values in both regions.

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