Coronaviruses: Genes and Proteins

<ul> <li>sense RNA viruses</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It may help with genome repair and/or generate new viral strains/variants</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transport, processing, and modification of proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They play important roles in forming virus envelopes by budding</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are packaged into vesicles and targeted to the plasma membrane for release</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transcription will abort, which can lead to template switch</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They become smaller and more uniformly dense, while envelope proteins undergo glycosylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spike (S) protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ORF1a and ORF1b</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>RNA helicase and nucleoside triphosphatase activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Double membrane vesicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transcription from subgenomic negative-strand mRNA templates made by discontinuous transcription</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Viral N-protein bound to viral RNA in a spherical core structure formed via the M-protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Coronaviruses have a positive-sense RNA genome</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bats</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Facilitate virus entry into cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Coronaviridae</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Assisting in the budding of virus particles into the lumen of intracellular membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transcription will abort, leading to template switch</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Perinuclear region of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transport, processing, and modification of proteins involved in virion assembly</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formation of RNA-RNA hybrids at 5’ TRS and glycosylation process during transit through Golgi membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They acquire donut-shaped cores and become smaller and more uniformly dense</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Receptor-mediated endocytosis followed by membrane fusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It contains multiple subgenomic ‘-‘ strands used to make ‘+’ strand mRNA for protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Facilitating viral entry and tropism</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ORF1a and ORF1b</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Forming the spherical core structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unwinding double-stranded RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>On double membrane vesicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contain overlapping sequences on their 3' end</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased mutation rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>RNA helicase, nucleoside triphosphatase, and exonuclease activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Common among '+ strand RNA viruses of eukaryotes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contain viral N-protein bound to viral RNA in a helical fashion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Subcellular architecture and membrane structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Facilitate virus entry into host cells by binding to receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Coronaviridae</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bats</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Entry by fusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transcription will abort, leading to template switch</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Assist in budding of virus particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Golgi apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transport, processing, and modification of proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>$M$ and $E$ proteins interact with each other to form the particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protection of viral RNA from degradation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They undergo glycosylation of envelope proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It may help with genome repair and generate new viral strains/variants</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Facilitates viral entry and tropism</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ORF1a and ORF1b</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>On double membrane vesicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'+ strand RNA viruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transcribed from subgenomic negative-strand mRNA templates made by discontinuous transcription</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>RNA helicase, nucleoside triphosphatase activities, and RNA exonuclease with proofreading activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Incomplete synthesis of viral genome</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formed from viral N-protein bound to viral RNA in a helical fashion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Forms the spherical core structure via the M-protein.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spike proteins bind to a variety of cellular receptors for entry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Direct membrane fusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alpha-, beta-, and gammacoronaviruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bats</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enveloped virions containing helical nucleocapsids</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Generating new viral strains/variants through recombination</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interacting with packaging signals in N to ensure only full-length viral RNA gets packaged into virions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ERGIC (endoplasmic reticulum Golgi intermediate compartment)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Playing important roles in forming the virus envelopes by budding</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ERGIC (endoplasmic reticulum Golgi intermediate compartment)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>M protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Secretory vesicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acting as templates for protein synthesis during translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Forming the structure for viral RNA in a helical fashion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Facilitating viral entry into host cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Assisting in genome replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Forming ion channels that contribute to virus pathogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formation of virus-like particles with M and E proteins incorporated into their envelopes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contain overlapping sequences on their 3' end</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Generation of defective subgenomic mRNAs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>RNA helicase and nucleoside triphosphatase activities, and RNA exonuclease with proofreading activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>On convoluted membranes within infected cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spherical core structures formed via the M-protein with spike proteins embedded within them</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>~30nm</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>60 copies</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>VPg</p> Signup and view all the answers

<ul> <li>sense ssRNA genome</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Directs receptor binding and membrane fusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Causes more severe diseases like dengue hemorrhagic fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>On membranes in the cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Associates with the E protein to form a heterodimer, protecting E from premature conformational changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mediated by endocytosis within clathrin-coated vesicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rashes, high fever, joint pain, encephalitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To allow translation initiation without a 5’ cap</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proteolytic cleavage of eIF-4G abolishes cap-dependent translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To imitate translation at the correct spot near AUG</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'Canyons' or loop regions on their surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Generation of functional viral proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A multi-protein complex bound to cellular vesicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Major rearrangement forming a channel in the cell membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cleavage of VP0 to VP2 plus VP4, assembling into protomers and provirion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cytoplasmic vesicles and alteration of intracellular transport pathways</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>With icosahedral symmetry</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Picornaviruses, translated into a single, long polyprotein that undergoes proteolytic processing</p> Signup and view all the answers