Coronavirus Structure and Proteins

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Questions and Answers

Polymerase begins at 3’ end because that’s where the template is being read and stops at the end of a transcription-regulating sequence (TRS) 2. Polymerase then pauses and disassociates the nascent RNA chain from TRS> jumps to TRS located at the end of the leader sequence (______) - Dissociated nascent RNA chain forms RNA-RNA hybrids of complementary sequences at 5’ TRS

template switching

RNA pol can pause and dissociate at any of the TRSs

transcription-regulating sequences

Each of the subgenomic ‘-‘ strands are used to make a ‘+’ strand mRNA, then transcript it into proteins - This discontious model explain recombination between viral genoms: 1. Viral RNa polymerase can switch between two different positive-strand genome RNAs if they are both in the same cell 2. Could be two different virus strains infecting the same cell, or mutations in the virus genome during replication 3. Template switching may help with genome repair and/or generate new viral strains/variants >>After dissociation, polymerase has to find another template or transcription will abort> can lead to template switch Section 1.7 - Assembly of virions takes place at intracellular membrane structures- ERGIC (endoplasmic reticulum Golgi intermediate compartment); involves in transport, processing and modification of proteins. Generally located in the perinuclear (around or near the nucleus) region of the cell

viral genomes

Helical nucleocapsids (curved blue lines) containing genome RNA are delievered from site of synthesis to these membranes ______

packaging Signup and view all the answers

Virus particles are formed by budding into the lumen of these ______ (virions acquire donut-shaped cores)

membranes Signup and view all the answers

Progress to smaller and more uniformly dense cores as transit through ______ membrane, envelope proteins also undergo glycosylation

Golgi Signup and view all the answers

M and E proteins play important roles in the formation of the virus envelops by budding

envelopes Signup and view all the answers

Enveloped virus-like particles can be formed in ______ when only M and E are expressed> which indicates that M and E proteins are sufficient in forming the particles

ERGIC Signup and view all the answers

C-terminal cytoplasmic tail of M is though to interact with packaging signals in N> ensures only full-length viral RNA gets packaged into virons - HE (if present) and S are incorporated into the membrane through interactions with the M protein - As all these proteins transverse through Golgi, envelope proteins are glycosylated, mature ______ are packaged into vesicles> targete.

virions Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fusion protein tends to form trimers and has two distinct conformations?

Class I fusion proteins, mostly alpha-helical Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary location for the synthesis, folding, and assembly of fusion proteins?

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the energy requirement for viral membrane fusion mediated by fusogens?

Energy is present due to conformation changes, and fusion occurs without the need for ATP/metabolic energy. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fusion protein involves rearrangement of multimers of protein subunits but only minor conformational changes at the tertiary level?

Class II fusion proteins, mostly beta-sheets Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular structure do many DNA viruses use for replication and can establish latency?

Nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What is a target for antiviral drugs in the virus replication cycle?

Every step in the virus replication cycle Signup and view all the answers

Which strategy involves preventing virus entry by using neutralizing antibodies and receptor occupation?

Neutralizing antibodies and receptor occupation Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of coronaviruses?

Enveloped structure Signup and view all the answers

Where does the assembly of virions take place?

$Golgi$ $apparatus$ Signup and view all the answers

What is an advantage of narrow spectrum antivirals?

Reduced likelihood of drug resistance development Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of broad spectrum antivirals?

Increased likelihood of drug resistance development Signup and view all the answers

What is an important role of non-enveloped viruses during penetration of host membranes?

Utilizing cellular transport systems for penetration Signup and view all the answers

What is a key strategy for viruses to pass through the nuclear membrane?

Manipulating host cell mitosis for nuclear entry Signup and view all the answers

What do enveloped virus particles acquire during budding into intracellular membrane structures?

Glycosylated envelope proteins and mature cores Signup and view all the answers

What may be targeted by antiviral strategies aiming to interfere with cellular processes for internalization?

Viral capsid uncoating mechanisms Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the viral RNA polymerase reaches the end of a transcription-regulating sequence (TRS)?

It pauses and dissociates the nascent RNA chain Signup and view all the answers

Where does the assembly of virions take place?

Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) Signup and view all the answers

What role do M and E proteins play in the formation of virus envelopes?

They are essential for forming virus envelopes by budding Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the C-terminal cytoplasmic tail of M protein?

Interacts with packaging signals in N to ensure only full-length viral RNA gets packaged into virions Signup and view all the answers

Where do virus particles form by budding?

Lumen of ERGIC membranes Signup and view all the answers

1.7

<ul> <li>strands are used to make a ‘+’ strand mRNA, then transcribed into proteins</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Virus Replication and Antiviral Strategies

Non-enveloped viruses penetrate host membranes without lysis or rupture
Viruses utilize cellular transport systems for efficient transport to the cytosol
Many DNA viruses use the nucleus for replication and can establish latency
Strategies for viruses to pass through the nuclear membrane
Various ways for viruses to enter the nucleus, including during mitosis
Every step in the virus replication cycle is a target for antiviral drugs
Different ways to prevent virus entry, including neutralizing antibodies and receptor occupation
Specific inhibitors and agents used to interfere with cellular processes for internalization
Antiviral strategies targeting membrane fusion and uncoating of capsids
Advantages and disadvantages of narrow and broad spectrum antivirals
Characteristics of coronaviruses, including structure and genome
Overview of the history, impact, and characteristics of SARS and COVID-19

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Test your knowledge about the structure of coronaviruses and their envelope proteins. Learn about nucleocapsids, viral RNA, helical nucleocapsid, and envelope proteins like spike (S) and membrane (M).

Coronavirus Structure and Proteins

Podcast Beta

Questions and Answers

RNA pol can pause and dissociate at any of the TRSs

Helical nucleocapsids (curved blue lines) containing genome RNA are delievered from site of synthesis to these membranes ______

Virus particles are formed by budding into the lumen of these ______ (virions acquire donut-shaped cores)

Progress to smaller and more uniformly dense cores as transit through ______ membrane, envelope proteins also undergo glycosylation

M and E proteins play important roles in the formation of the virus envelops by budding

Enveloped virus-like particles can be formed in ______ when only M and E are expressed> which indicates that M and E proteins are sufficient in forming the particles

Which type of fusion protein tends to form trimers and has two distinct conformations?

What is the primary location for the synthesis, folding, and assembly of fusion proteins?

Which statement accurately describes the energy requirement for viral membrane fusion mediated by fusogens?

Which type of fusion protein involves rearrangement of multimers of protein subunits but only minor conformational changes at the tertiary level?

Which cellular structure do many DNA viruses use for replication and can establish latency?

What is a target for antiviral drugs in the virus replication cycle?

Which strategy involves preventing virus entry by using neutralizing antibodies and receptor occupation?

What is a characteristic of coronaviruses?

Where does the assembly of virions take place?

What is an advantage of narrow spectrum antivirals?

What is a disadvantage of broad spectrum antivirals?

What is an important role of non-enveloped viruses during penetration of host membranes?

What is a key strategy for viruses to pass through the nuclear membrane?

What do enveloped virus particles acquire during budding into intracellular membrane structures?

What may be targeted by antiviral strategies aiming to interfere with cellular processes for internalization?

What happens when the viral RNA polymerase reaches the end of a transcription-regulating sequence (TRS)?

Where does the assembly of virions take place?

What role do M and E proteins play in the formation of virus envelopes?

What is the function of the C-terminal cytoplasmic tail of M protein?

Where do virus particles form by budding?

1.7

Study Notes

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