Coronavirus Structure and Composition
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Questions and Answers

Which type of fusion protein tends to form trimers and has two distinct conformations?

  • Class III fusion proteins
  • Class II fusion proteins
  • Class I fusion proteins (correct)
  • Type I transmembrane proteins

    • What is the role of the fusion peptide in virus-induced membrane fusion?

  • Gets inserted into the target cellular membrane during virus-induced membrane fusion (correct)
  • Reveals the conformational changes in fusogens
  • Cleaves while transiting ER-Golgi to plasma membrane by cellular proteases
  • Triggers the rearrangement of multimers of protein subunits

    • What is the primary characteristic of Class II fusion proteins?

  • Consist of two subunits: fusion subunit and receptor binding subunit
  • Combination of alpha-helices and beta-sheets
  • Synthesized, folded, and assembled in ER
  • Mostly beta-sheets and tend to form dimers (correct)

    • What is the energy requirement for membrane fusion mediated by viral fusogens?

    <p>Does not need ATP/metabolic energy due to conformation changes and energy presence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does RNA polymerase begin transcription?

    <p>At the 3’ end</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of ERGIC in virus assembly?

    <p>Transport, processing, and modification of proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of M and E proteins in virus envelop formation?

    <p>They are sufficient for forming enveloped virus-like particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to virions as they transit through Golgi membrane?

    <p>They acquire smaller and more uniformly dense cores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may help with genome repair and/or generate new viral strains/variants?

    <p>$3’$ TRS template switching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are subgenomic ‘-‘ strands used to make a ‘+’ strand mRNA?

    <p>$3’$ TRS template switching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein is responsible for viral entry and tropism?

    <p>Spike (S) protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of the replicase gene (gene 1)?

    <p>ORF1a and ORF1b partially overlapping reading frames</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What assists with replication and packaging of the viral genome?

    <p>RNA helicase and nucleoside triphosphatase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure of coronavirus nucleocapsids?

    <p>Formed from viral N-protein bound to viral RNA in a helical fashion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cellular receptors do spike proteins bind to?

    <p>$\text{ACE2}$, $\text{TMPRSS2}$, aminopeptidase-N, sialic acid, $\text{L-SIGN}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mediates entry via fusion and can cause the formation of syncytia?

    <p>$\text{Spike}$ protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the site of viral RNA synthesis?

    <p>Replication complexes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the components of corona virions' envelope proteins?

    <p>Spike (S), Membrane (M), Envelope (E), Nucleocapsid (N)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What assists with replication and packaging of the viral genome?

    <p>Nucleoside triphosphatase and RNA polymerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cellular structure do many DNA viruses use for replication?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a target for antiviral drugs in the virus replication cycle?

    <p>Virus uncoating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are specific inhibitors and agents used to interfere with for internalization of viruses?

    <p>Membrane fusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of coronaviruses?

    <p>Positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a strategy for viruses to pass through the nuclear membrane?

    <p>$ATP$-dependent transport through nuclear pores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do non-enveloped viruses utilize to penetrate host membranes?

    <p>Cellular transport systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an advantage of broad-spectrum antivirals?

    <p>Minimize the risk of antiviral resistance development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do enveloped viruses enter the nucleus?

    <p>Endocytosis followed by fusion with nuclear membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of SARS and COVID-19?

    <p>SARS and COVID-19 are caused by coronaviruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can virus entry be prevented?

    <p>Neutralizing antibodies and receptor occupation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of an antiviral strategy targeting virus uncoating?

    <p>Interference with virus uncoating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Virus Replication and Antiviral Strategies

    • Non-enveloped viruses penetrate host membranes without lysis or rupture
    • Viruses utilize cellular transport systems for efficient transport to the cytosol
    • Many DNA viruses use the nucleus for replication and can establish latency
    • Strategies for viruses to pass through the nuclear membrane
    • Various ways for viruses to enter the nucleus, including during mitosis
    • Every step in the virus replication cycle is a target for antiviral drugs
    • Different ways to prevent virus entry, including neutralizing antibodies and receptor occupation
    • Specific inhibitors and agents used to interfere with cellular processes for internalization
    • Antiviral strategies targeting membrane fusion and uncoating of capsids
    • Advantages and disadvantages of narrow and broad spectrum antivirals
    • Characteristics of coronaviruses, including structure and genome
    • Overview of the history, impact, and characteristics of SARS and COVID-19

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    Test your knowledge on the structure and composition of coronavirus, including nucleocapsids, core structure, and envelope proteins.

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