Coronavirus Structure and Composition

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Questions and Answers

Which type of fusion protein tends to form trimers and has two distinct conformations?

Class III fusion proteins

Class II fusion proteins

Class I fusion proteins (correct)

Type I transmembrane proteins

What is the role of the fusion peptide in virus-induced membrane fusion?

Gets inserted into the target cellular membrane during virus-induced membrane fusion (correct)

Reveals the conformational changes in fusogens

Cleaves while transiting ER-Golgi to plasma membrane by cellular proteases

Triggers the rearrangement of multimers of protein subunits

What is the primary characteristic of Class II fusion proteins?

Consist of two subunits: fusion subunit and receptor binding subunit

Combination of alpha-helices and beta-sheets

Synthesized, folded, and assembled in ER

Mostly beta-sheets and tend to form dimers (correct)

What is the energy requirement for membrane fusion mediated by viral fusogens?

Does not need ATP/metabolic energy due to conformation changes and energy presence Signup and view all the answers

Where does RNA polymerase begin transcription?

At the 3’ end Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of ERGIC in virus assembly?

Transport, processing, and modification of proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of M and E proteins in virus envelop formation?

They are sufficient for forming enveloped virus-like particles Signup and view all the answers

What happens to virions as they transit through Golgi membrane?

They acquire smaller and more uniformly dense cores Signup and view all the answers

What may help with genome repair and/or generate new viral strains/variants?

$3’$ TRS template switching Signup and view all the answers

How are subgenomic ‘-‘ strands used to make a ‘+’ strand mRNA?

$3’$ TRS template switching Signup and view all the answers

Which protein is responsible for viral entry and tropism?

Spike (S) protein Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the replicase gene (gene 1)?

ORF1a and ORF1b partially overlapping reading frames Signup and view all the answers

What assists with replication and packaging of the viral genome?

RNA helicase and nucleoside triphosphatase Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of coronavirus nucleocapsids?

Formed from viral N-protein bound to viral RNA in a helical fashion Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular receptors do spike proteins bind to?

$\text{ACE2}$, $\text{TMPRSS2}$, aminopeptidase-N, sialic acid, $\text{L-SIGN}$ Signup and view all the answers

What mediates entry via fusion and can cause the formation of syncytia?

$\text{Spike}$ protein Signup and view all the answers

What are the site of viral RNA synthesis?

Replication complexes Signup and view all the answers

What are the components of corona virions' envelope proteins?

Spike (S), Membrane (M), Envelope (E), Nucleocapsid (N) Signup and view all the answers

What assists with replication and packaging of the viral genome?

Nucleoside triphosphatase and RNA polymerase Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular structure do many DNA viruses use for replication?

Nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What is a target for antiviral drugs in the virus replication cycle?

Virus uncoating Signup and view all the answers

What are specific inhibitors and agents used to interfere with for internalization of viruses?

Membrane fusion Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of coronaviruses?

Positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome Signup and view all the answers

What is a strategy for viruses to pass through the nuclear membrane?

$ATP$-dependent transport through nuclear pores Signup and view all the answers

What do non-enveloped viruses utilize to penetrate host membranes?

Cellular transport systems Signup and view all the answers

What is an advantage of broad-spectrum antivirals?

Minimize the risk of antiviral resistance development Signup and view all the answers

How do enveloped viruses enter the nucleus?

Endocytosis followed by fusion with nuclear membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of SARS and COVID-19?

SARS and COVID-19 are caused by coronaviruses Signup and view all the answers

How can virus entry be prevented?

Neutralizing antibodies and receptor occupation Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of an antiviral strategy targeting virus uncoating?

Interference with virus uncoating Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Virus Replication and Antiviral Strategies

Non-enveloped viruses penetrate host membranes without lysis or rupture
Viruses utilize cellular transport systems for efficient transport to the cytosol
Many DNA viruses use the nucleus for replication and can establish latency
Strategies for viruses to pass through the nuclear membrane
Various ways for viruses to enter the nucleus, including during mitosis
Every step in the virus replication cycle is a target for antiviral drugs
Different ways to prevent virus entry, including neutralizing antibodies and receptor occupation
Specific inhibitors and agents used to interfere with cellular processes for internalization
Antiviral strategies targeting membrane fusion and uncoating of capsids
Advantages and disadvantages of narrow and broad spectrum antivirals
Characteristics of coronaviruses, including structure and genome
Overview of the history, impact, and characteristics of SARS and COVID-19

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Test your knowledge on the structure and composition of coronavirus, including nucleocapsids, core structure, and envelope proteins.

Coronavirus Structure and Composition

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Podcast

Questions and Answers

Which type of fusion protein tends to form trimers and has two distinct conformations?

What is the role of the fusion peptide in virus-induced membrane fusion?

What is the primary characteristic of Class II fusion proteins?

What is the energy requirement for membrane fusion mediated by viral fusogens?

Where does RNA polymerase begin transcription?

What is the function of ERGIC in virus assembly?

What is the role of M and E proteins in virus envelop formation?

What happens to virions as they transit through Golgi membrane?

What may help with genome repair and/or generate new viral strains/variants?

How are subgenomic ‘-‘ strands used to make a ‘+’ strand mRNA?

Which protein is responsible for viral entry and tropism?

What is the composition of the replicase gene (gene 1)?

What assists with replication and packaging of the viral genome?

What is the structure of coronavirus nucleocapsids?

Which cellular receptors do spike proteins bind to?

What mediates entry via fusion and can cause the formation of syncytia?

What are the site of viral RNA synthesis?

What are the components of corona virions' envelope proteins?

What assists with replication and packaging of the viral genome?

Which cellular structure do many DNA viruses use for replication?

What is a target for antiviral drugs in the virus replication cycle?

What are specific inhibitors and agents used to interfere with for internalization of viruses?

What is a characteristic of coronaviruses?

What is a strategy for viruses to pass through the nuclear membrane?

What do non-enveloped viruses utilize to penetrate host membranes?

What is an advantage of broad-spectrum antivirals?

How do enveloped viruses enter the nucleus?

What is a characteristic of SARS and COVID-19?

How can virus entry be prevented?

What is an example of an antiviral strategy targeting virus uncoating?

Study Notes

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